Additional information about regular expression syntax is available inUsing the Command Line Interface. /dev/randomis recommended because it creates an entropy pool (a group of random bits stored in one place) for generating unpredictable random numbers. Which commands would correctly configure a pre-shared key for the two routers? Flaws have been discovered in DNS where the implementations do not provide sufficient entropy in the randomization of the UDP source port when issuing queries. Explanation: WANs span a wide area and commonly have connections from a main site to remote sites including a branch office, regional site, SOHO sites, and mobile workers. It allows for the transmission of keys directly across a network. RSA is an algorithm used for authentication. hostname R1R2(config)# crypto isakmp key 5tayout! Provide security awareness training. If the requested information is present in the DNS cache, then the recursive DNS resolver will respond with that RR information. During Phase 1 the two sides negotiate IKE policy sets, authenticate each other, and set up a secure channel. An authoritative DNS server distributes information to DNS resolvers for authorative domain name space. A DNS tool that creates statistical information for DNS traffic. The recursive DNS resolver may also have knowledge about the requested information stored in DNS cache. (Choose two.). Enable DHCP snooping on VLAN 100 To use these configurations, apply them to the options section in the 'named.conf' configuration file. Explanation: The Nesus tool provides remote vulnerability scanning that focuses on remote access, password misconfiguration, and DoS against the TCP/IP stack. Caution:Application layer protocol inspection will decrease firewall performance. The Cisco IPS provides several signatures to detect application specific vulnerabilities such as buffer overflow vulnerabilities as well as informational DNS signatures that may be indicative of reconnaissance or probing. 138. Which two conclusions can be drawn from the syslog message that was generated by the router? These example configurations show how to prevent a DNS server from acting as an open resolver. Explanation: SPAN is a Cisco technology used by network administrators to monitor suspicious traffic or to capture traffic to be analyzed. Each sales office has a SOHO network. The network administrator for an e-commerce website requires a service that prevents customers from claiming that legitimate orders are fake. (Choose two.). Additional information about Fast-Flux is available inKnow Your Enemy: Fast-Flux Service Networks. Which privilege level has the most access to the Cisco IOS? Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND), a software product of Internet Systems Consortium, Inc., implements the DNS protocol that is discussed in this document. Additional information about this syslog message is available inCisco Security Appliance System Log Message - 410002. Attackers use these DNS open resolvers for malicious activities by sending DNS messages to the open resolvers using a forged source IP address that is the target for the attack. Note:Team Cymrualso provides aSecure BIND Templatethat operators can use as a guide for hardening their DNS servers. Explanation: IPS signatures have three distinctive attributes: 37. These are likely to use large DNS packets to increase their efficiency; however large packets are not a requirement. Activate the virtual services. Step 5. 129. DHCP snooping, which is a prerequisite of IP source guard, inspects DHCP traffic within a VLAN to understand which IP addresses have been assigned to which network devices on which physical switch port. Explanation: Remote SPAN (RSPAN) enables a network administrator to use the flexibility of VLANs to monitor traffic on remote switches. Traffic originating from the inside network going to the DMZ network is not permitted. RADIUS provides encryption of the complete packet during transfer. Once this information has been gathered and stored in the DHCP snooping bindings table, IP source guard is able to leverage it to filter IP packets received by a network device. 32. Strict mode Unicast RPF can be enabled on the Cisco PIX, ASA, and FWSM firewalls using theip verify reverse-path interfaceinterfaceconfiguration command. to generate network intrusion alerts by the use of rules and signatures. A network administrator configures a named ACL on the router. Which two statements describe the use of asymmetric algorithms. Even though the DNS message sent by the attacker is falsified, the DNS resolver accepts the query response because the UDP source port value and the DNS transaction ID match up with the query the resolver sent, resulting in the DNS resolvers cached being poisoned. What is the best way to prevent a VLAN hopping attack? Use frequency analysis to ensure that the most popular letters used in the language are not used in the cipher message. The firewall will automatically allow HTTP, HTTPS, and FTP traffic from g0/0 to s0/0/0, but will not track the state of connections. Explanation: After the crypto map command in global configuration mode has been issued, the new crypto map will remain disabled until a peer and a valid access list have been configured. The following guidelines assume no Port Address Translation (PAT). By default, they allow traffic from more secure interfaces (higher security level) to access less secure interfaces (lower security level). Explanation: The ASA CLI is a proprietary OS which has a similar look and feel to the Cisco router IOS. Note:DNS SOA RRs are always distributed to resolvers with a TTL value of 0. HIPS installations are vulnerable to fragmentation attacks or variable TTL attacks. Issue the show crypto ipsec sa command to verify the tunnel. Disabling the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP) will not eliminate VLAN hopping attacks. If you configure these types of ACLs, seek an up-to-date reference that is conclusive. 153. TCP-FTPD 262 0.0 2362 493 0.1 15.1 21.0 You have already completed the quiz before. Explanation: Extended ACLs should be placed as close as possible to the source IP address, so that traffic that needs to be filtered does not cross the network and use network resources. A corresponding policy must be applied to allow return traffic to be permitted through the firewall in the opposite direction. The ACL is applied inbound on the desired interface. (Choose two.). Match the security concept to the description. HMAC can be used for ensuring origin authentication. Refer to the exhibit. Inactive flows timeout in 60 seconds Several configuration examples are available in the Prevent DNS Open Resolver Configurations above to prevent or restrict your server from responding to recursive DNS queries. TACACS provides secure connectivity using TCP port 49. Also, the dynamic keyword in the nat command indicates that it is a dynamic mapping. Letters of the message are rearranged based on a predetermined pattern. The RR contains a 32-bit Time To Live (TTL) field used to inform the resolver how long the RR may be cached until the resolver needs to send a DNS query asking for the information again. R1(config)# crypto isakmp key cisco123 address 209.165.200.226, R1(config)# crypto isakmp key cisco123 hostname R1. Prevent sensitive information from being lost or stolen. This makes these implementations prone to cache poisoning and spoofing attacks. What job would the student be doing as a cryptanalyst? When the DNS protocol uses UDP as the transport, it has the ability to deal with UDP retransmission and sequencing. The first 32 bits of a supplied IP address will be matched. Additional information about this syslog message is available inCisco Security Appliance System Log Message - 106007. This message indicates that the interface should be replaced. Integrity is ensured by implementing either of the Secure Hash Algorithms (SHA-2 or SHA-3). Explanation: Confidentiality ensures that data is accessed only by authorized individuals. ), 46What are the three components of an STP bridge ID? Unicast RPF operates in two modes: strict and loose. If AAA is already enabled, which three CLI steps are required to configure a router with a specific view? There is a mismatch between the transform sets. Themessage-lengthparameters submode command for policy-map type inspect dnscan be used to ensure that message sizes to not exceed a specified size thus reducing the efficiency of these attacks. Which algorithm can ensure data integrity? Refer to the exhibit. Return traffic from the DMZ to the public network is dynamically permitted. Refer to the exhibit. The class maps configuration object uses match criteria to identify interesting traffic. (Not all options are used. Many of the attacks described in this document rely on spoofing to be successful. 93. switchport mode access Explanation: After a user is successfully authenticated (logged into the server), the authorization is the process of determining what network resources the user can access and what operations (such as read or edit) the user can perform. Filter unwanted traffic before it travels onto a low-bandwidth link. As shown in the figure below, a security trap is similar to an air lock. The idea is that passwords will have been changed before an attacker exhausts the keyspace. What two features are added in SNMPv3 to address the weaknesses of previous versions of SNMP? Configure Virtual Port Group interfaces. Step 4. ), 46 What are the three components of an STP bridge ID? IP Sub Flow Cache, 336520 bytes What functionality is provided by Cisco SPAN in a switched network? Andr LAGUERRE. About Our Coalition. What statement describes the risk of using social networking? After the initial connection is established, it can dynamically change connection information. If the DNS server is only configured as an authoritative server and it receives a DNS query message asking about information which the server is authoritative, it will cause the server to inspect locally stored RR information and return the value of the record in the 'Answer Section' of a DNS response message. Although it shares some common features with the router IOS, it has its unique features. Explanation: A keyed-hash message authentication code (HMAC or KHMAC) is a type of message authentication code (MAC). Chapter Title. Which component of this HTTP connection is not examined by a stateful firewall? These attacks are possible because the open resolver will respond to queries from anyone asking a question. A virus can be used to deliver advertisements without user consent, whereas a worm cannot. Configuration of DNS application inspection capabilities will be detailed later in the feature configuration section of this document. What functionality is provided by Cisco SPAN in a switched network? Explanation: An application gateway firewall, also called a proxy firewall, filters information at Layers 3, 4, 5, and 7 of the OSI model. Traffic originating from the inside network going to the DMZ network is selectively permitted. An IDS can negatively impact the packet flow, whereas an IPS can not. Note:The source port field for the UDP protocol is only 16 bits in length, so this value can range from 0 through 65535. Cisco Secure network security products include firewalls, intrusion prevention systems, secure access systems, security analytics, and malware defense. 147. An IDS is deployed in promiscuous mode. 139. Explanation: File transfer using FTP is transmitted in plain text. Being deployed in inline mode, an IPS can negatively impact the traffic flow. 120. Explanation: Grey hat hackers may do unethical or illegal things, but not for personal gain or to cause damage. A stateful firewall will provide more logging information than a packet filtering firewall. Traffic that is originating from the public network is usually blocked when traveling to the DMZ network. Explanation: Many network attacks can be prevented by sharing information about indicators of compromise (IOC). A single superview can be shared among multiple CLI views. Consists of the traffic generated by network devices to operate the network. Which command is used to activate an IPv6 ACL named ENG_ACL on an interface so that the router filters traffic prior to accessing the routing table? ), Match the security term to the appropriate description, 122. The following example shows how to identify the TLD for a domain name: comis the TLD forwww.cisco.comas it is the label furthest to the right. 107. R1(config)# crypto isakmp key 5tayout! (Choose two.). What is a characteristic of a role-based CLI view of router configuration? Which command should be used on the uplink interface that connects to a router? Flaws in the implementation of the DNS protocol allow it to be exploited and used for malicious activities. SuperScan is a Microsoft port scanning software that detects open TCP and UDP ports on systems. Failures on the production network may not be communicated to the OOB network administrator because the OOB management network may not be affected. Explanation: Stateful firewalls cannot prevent application layer attacks because they do not examine the actual contents of the HTTP connection. Remote servers will see only a connection from the proxy server, not from the individual clients. 128. This white paper provides information on general best practices, network protections, and attack identification techniques that operators and administrators can use for implementations of the Domain Name System (DNS) protocol. RADIUS hides passwords during transmission and does not encrypt the complete packet. Which security technique should the technician recommend? hostname R2. Explanation: A site-to-site VPN is created between the network devices of two separate networks. When NetFlow records are displayed on an IOS device or exported to an offline collection system used for traffic analysis or anomaly detection, the following traffic profiles can be used to classify potential DNS attacks. What is needed to allow specific traffic that is sourced on the outside network of an ASA firewall to reach an internal network? The hostname to IP address mapping for devices in the requested domain name space will rapidly change (usually anywhere from several seconds to a few minutes). The code has not been modified since it left the software publisher. In addition to these application specific signatures, anomaly-based signatures can provide coverage for vulnerabilities such as amplification attacks or cache poisoning, where the rate of DNS transactions are likely to vary significantly. What characteristic of the Snort term-based subscriptions is true for both the community and the subscriber rule sets? When the DNS guard, DNS ID randomization, DNS ID mismatch, and DNS protocol enforcement functions for the DNS application inspection feature are enabled, the show service-policy inspect command will identify the number of DNS packets inspected or dropped by these functions and this feature. TCP-other 6183829 1.4 23 318 33.8 2.3 7.5 It is possible to use different regular expressions with the. Refer to the exhibit. A DNS-specific tool that builds statistics based on DNS traffic seen on the network. Match the type of ASA ACLs to the description. IP-other 2828 0.0 2 37 0.0 6.7 59.4 ! Refer to the exhibit. Note:The transaction ID field for the DNS protocol is only 16 bits in length, so this value can range from 0 through 65535. What is typically used to create a security trap in the data center facility? 20. Cisco IOS ACLs utilize an implicit deny all and Cisco ASA ACLs end with an implicit permit all. Which method is used to identify interesting traffic needed to create an IKE phase 1 tunnel? If the object in the message is a TCP or UDP port, an IP address, or a host drop, check whether or not the drop rate is acceptable for the running environment. If a public key is used to encrypt the data, a public key must be used to decrypt the data. (Choose two.). DNS application inspection utilizes the Modular Policy Framework (MPF) for configuration. Prop 30 is supported by a coalition including CalFire Firefighters, the American Lung Association, environmental organizations, electrical workers and businesses that want to improve Californias air quality by fighting and preventing wildfires and reducing air A network administrator is configuring a VPN between routers R1 and R2. Note:Although use of this command does reduce the possibility of being a victim of a DNS Amplification Denial of Service attack, it is more likely to prevent the DNS server from used as part of the source of a DNS Amplification attack. TCP, UDP) and source and destination interface and IP address, and the port block. What are three attributes of IPS signatures? Explanation: The message is a level 5 notification message as shown in the %LINEPROTO-5 section of the output. If it is reachable, the packet is permitted; if it was not, the packet is dropped. 81. Third, create the user IDs and passwords of the users who will be connecting. *0035will display the related NetFlow records as shown here: Tables 3 and 4 list tools and resources that provide more information on DNS. 57. These sections of the DNS message contain fields that determine how the message will be processed by the device receiving the message. What is the function of the pass action on a Cisco IOS Zone-Based Policy Firewall? Buy an ASA. DNS cache poisoning attacks commonly use multiple responses to each query as the attacker attempts to predict or brute force the transaction ID and the UDP source port to corrupt the DNS cache. Filtering unwanted traffic before it enters low-bandwidth links preserves bandwidth and supports network functionality. Which three functions are provided by the syslog logging service? Man-in-the-middle and brute force attacks are both examples of access attacks, and a SYN flood is an example of a denial of service (DoS) attack. Frames from PC1 will be forwarded since the switchport port-security violation command is missing. Messages reporting the link status are common and do not require replacing the interface or reconfiguring the interface. Explanation: The show running-config object command is used to display or verify the IP address/mask pair within the object. The Domain Name Service (DNS) protocol defines an automated service that matches resource names, such as www.cisco.com, with the required numeric network address, such as the IPv4 or IPv6 address. 33. Recursive DNS servers should be used only for responding to queries from DNS resolvers inside its administrative domain. 126. TCP-FTP 792 0.0 9 59 0.0 25.3 21.0 DesignConfigures device global settings, network site profiles for physical device inventory, DNS, DHCP, IP addressing, SWIM repository, device templates, and telemetry configurations such as Syslog, SNMP, and NetFlow. An IDS needs to be deployed together with a firewall device, whereas an IPS can replace a firewall. Prevent endpoints from connecting to websites with bad reputations by immediately blocking connections based on the latest reputation intelligence. 111. All other traffic is allowed. You are more likely to see a UDP flood attack. Which measure can a security analyst take to perform effective security monitoring against network traffic encrypted by SSL technology? Why is there no output displayed when the show command is issued? (Choose three.). Enable SSH on the physical interfaces where the incoming connection requests will be received. TCP-X 4 0.0 1 46 0.0 0.0 60.6 Those who have a checking or savings account, but also use financial alternatives like check cashing services are considered underbanked. Administrators should compare these flows to baseline utilization for DNS traffic on UDP port 53 and also investigate the flows to determine whether they are potential malicious attempts to abuse flaws in implementations of the DNS protocol. Authorization is concerned with allowing and disallowing authenticated users access to certain areas and programs on the network. Which protocol would be best to use to securely access the network devices? SrcIf SrcIPaddress DstIf DstIPaddress Pr SrcP DstP Pkts What ports can receive forwarded traffic from an isolated port that is part of a PVLAN? Once the recursive DNS resolver has obtained this information, it will provide that information to the original DNS resolver using a DNS response message and the RR will be non-authoritative (since the recursive DNS resolver is not authoritative for the requested information). What tool is available through the Cisco IOS CLI to initiate security audits and to make recommended configuration changes with or without administrator input? .000 .414 .091 .015 .032 .024 .018 .004 .010 .001 .003 .002 .002 .005 .007 What service provides this type of guarantee? Refer to the exhibit. From the root zone, the DNS hierarchy is then split into sub-domain (branches) zones. Explanation: The components of the login block-for 150 attempts 4 within 90 command are as follows:The expression block-for 150 is the time in seconds that logins will be blocked.The expression attempts 4 is the number of failed attempts that will trigger the blocking of login requests.The expression within 90 is the time in seconds in which the 4 failed attempts must occur. The threshold for this function is set by theid-mismatchparameters submode command for policy-map type inspect dns. ! Which type of firewall is the most common and allows or blocks traffic based on Layer 3, Layer 4, and Layer 5 information? 0 alloc failures, 0 force free The MD5 message digest algorithm is still widely in use. (Choose three. Note:This may indicate that your DNS server is configured as a DNS open resolver. Which statement describes the effect of the keyword single-connection in the configuration? 24. http://www.isc.org and is included with many operating systems. Establish protection, detection, response, and user access coverage to defend your endpoints. However, connections initiated from outside hosts are not allowed. Network scanning is used to discover available resources on the network. The following IPS Signatures provide rate based or anomaly detection and are useful in identifying attacks that cause a change in the rate or profile of the DNS traffic (such as amplification or cache poisoning attacks). Commands cannot be added directly to a superview but rather must be added to a CLI view and the CLI view added to the superview. Explanation: Security traps provide access to the data halls where data center data is stored. TCP-Telnet 15898 0.0 28 45 0.1 8.9 30.8 Even though the DNS message sent by the attacker is falsified, the DNS resolver accepts the query response because the transaction ID and source port value match up with the query the resolver sent, resulting in the DNS resolvers cache being poisoned. A recently created ACL is not working as expected. Some DNS implementations use a weak randomization algorithm to generate DNS transaction IDs for DNS query messages. (Choose two.). Create a firewall rule blocking the respective website. How does a Caesar cipher work on a message? GRE 4952 0.0 47 52 0.0 119.3 0.9 If the DNS server is authoritative, not configured as a recursive resolver, and it receives a DNS query message asking about information which the server is not authoritative, it will cause the server to issue a DNS response message containing RRs in the 'Authority Section' and the address mapping for the FQDN from that section may be present in the 'Additional Section'. CSCvs50459. Traffic from the less secure interfaces is blocked from accessing more secure interfaces. What is the next step? Decrease the wireless antenna gain level. Explanation: Privilege levels may not provide desired flexibility and specificity because higher levels always inherit commands from lower levels, and commands with multiple keywords give the user access to all commands available for each keyword. What are two differences between stateful and packet filtering firewalls? Upon completion of a network security course, a student decides to pursue a career in cryptanalysis. The IPv6 access list LIMITED_ACCESS is applied on the S0/0/0 interface of R1 in the inbound direction. What can be determined from the displayed output? 58. Employ ping sweeps. The VPN is static and stays established. !-- Enable a maximum message length to help defeat DNS !-- amplification attacks. 142. Place the steps for configuring zone-based policy (ZPF) firewalls in order from first to last. Spoofing can be minimized in traffic originating from the local network by applying ACLs that use Access Control Entries (ACEs) which limit the traffic to only valid local addresses. First, set the host name and domain name. What security countermeasure is effective for preventing CAM table overflow attacks? When the open resolvers receive the spoofed DNS query messages, they respond by sending DNS response messages to the target address. BIND also allows operators the ability to select which addresses on the DNS server will provide answers from the DNS cache using the 'allow-query-cache-on' configuration option. HMACs use an additional secret key as input to the hash function, adding authentication to data integrity assurance. Use VLAN 1 as the native VLAN on trunk ports. With the help of the powerful protection from Beyond Security and others, Fortra is your relentless ally, here for you every step of 97. Which three services are provided through digital signatures? (Choose two.). (Choose two. TCP-SMTP 1620 0.0 7 127 0.0 7.0 10.7 Although it can easily be used in business environments (hospitality, office, education, retail shops etc), because of its low price, compact design and (Choose two.). In an attempt to prevent network attacks, cyber analysts share unique identifiable attributes of known attacks with colleagues. What is the purpose of mobile device management (MDM) software? Generate a set of secret keys to be used for encryption and decryption. Another multifaceted technique used by attackers is to rapidly change hostname to IP address mappings for both DNS A (address) RRs and DNS NS (name server) RRs, creating a Double-Flux (DF) network. A tool that attempts to collect all possible information available for a domain. 121. http://www.caida.org/tools/utilities/dnsstat/. A corporate network is using NTP to synchronize the time across devices. The ACEs that make up this ACL are not comprehensive. Which command raises the privilege level of the ping command to 7? Which pair ofcrypto isakmp keycommands would correctly configure PSK on the two routers? DNS Application Inspection Application layer protocol inspection is available beginning in software release 7.0 for the Cisco ASA 5500 and Cisco PIX 500 Series Firewalls and in software release 3.1 for the FWSM Firewall. The opposite is also true. Immediately suspend the network privileges of the user. authenticator-The interface acts only as an authenticator and does not respond to any messages meant for a supplicant. and have been updated by multiple RFCs over the years. A statefull firewall will examine each packet individually while a packet filtering firewall observes the state of a connection. 52. By combining these resolver functions on a single DNS server and allowing the server to be accessible via the Internet, malicious users could employ the authoritative DNS server in amplification attacks or easily poison the DNS cache. The certificate revocation list (CRL) and Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP), are two common methods to check a certificate revocation status. Refer to the exhibit. AES and 3DES are two encryption algorithms. Disabling DTP and configuring user-facing ports as static access ports can help prevent these types of attacks. Which condition describes the potential threat created by Instant On in a data center? Hacktivists use their hacking as a form of political or social protest, and vulnerability brokers hack to uncover weaknesses and report them to vendors. 133. The configuration of this feature, when configurable, will be detailed later in the feature configuration section. interface FastEthernet 0/10 (Choose three. The following diagram illustrates a sample of the Domain Name System hierarchy starting from the root ".". By default, traffic will only flow from a higher security level to a lower. Only a root view user can configure a new view and add or remove commands from the existing views.. A security policy requiring passwords to be changed in a predefined interval further defend against the brute-force attacks. What could be used by the network administrator to provide a secure authentication access method without locking a user out of a device? In the implementation of security on multiple devices, how do ASA ACLs differ from Cisco IOS ACLs? Which type of packet is unable to be filtered by an outbound ACL? BIND also allows operators to define views that can use the following configuration methods for disabling recursion. Because standard ACLs do not specify a destination address, they should be placed as close to the destination as possible. Which two features are included by both TACACS+ and RADIUS protocols? (Choose three.). 157342957 ager polls, 0 flow alloc failures To determine whether the DNS guard function is enabled globally, look for the following string in the firewall configuration for software releases 7.0(5) and later for Cisco ASA 5500 Series and Cisco PIX 500 Series appliances: If the DNS guard function has been disabled globally, it can be re-enabled using the following commands for software releases 7.0(5) and later for Cisco ASA 5500 Series and Cisco PIX 500 Series appliances: In software releases 7.2(1) and later for the Cisco ASA 5500 Series and Cisco PIX 500 Series appliances, administrators can enable DNS guard functionality through DNS application inspection and the Modular Policy Framework (MPF). This feature is available beginning with software release 7.2(1) for Cisco ASA and Cisco PIX 500 Firewalls. 101. It prevents traffic on a LAN from being disrupted by a broadcast storm. However, because it requires DHCP to remain manageable, it is not possible to deploy IP source guard on internal-to-external network boundaries. Microsoft pleaded for its deal on the day of the Phase 2 decision last month, but now the gloves are well and truly off. 109. In many cases, these signatures may require baselining and tuning to accurately detect attacks. Which security implementation will provide management plane protection for a network device? A recursive resolver recursively walks through the DNS architecture and locates the authoritative DNS server for the information in the DNS query (question asked), then distributes an answer or error for that information using a DNS query response message to the resolver who asked the question. Explanation: The pass action performed by Cisco IOS ZPF permits forwarding of traffic in a manner similar to the permit statement in an access control list. The following configurations can be applied to BIND so the DNS server will randomize the UDP source port for DNS messages. command extracts syslog messages from the logging buffer on the firewall. UDP is a connectionless protocol and, as such, it can be easily spoofed. (Choose three.). 125. ", which is the top most level of the DNS hierarchy. Control plane: Responsible for routing functions. The official list of unallocated Internet addresses is maintained byTeam Cymru. This function is disabled by default. A security service company is conducting an audit in several risk areas within a major corporation. What are two common malware behaviors? Which two practices are associated with securing the features and performance of router operating systems? (Choose two.). 141. router#show ip cache flow Explanation: Packet Filtering (Stateless) Firewall uses a simple policy table look-up that filters traffic based on specific criteria and is considered the easiest firewall to implement. 4.4.8 Packet Tracer Configure Secure Passwords and SSH Answers. Cisco reserves the right to change or update this document without notice at any time. switchport Cisco ASA includes SYN flood protection in other ways. For example, an ASA CLI command can be executed regardless of the current configuration mode prompt. ): Explanation: ACLs are used to filter traffic to determine which packets will be permitted or denied through the router and which packets will be subject to policy-based routing. Explanation: Snort is a NIDS integrated into Security Onion. The last four bits of a supplied IP address will be matched. This traffic is permitted with little or no restriction. Use ISL encapsulation on all trunk links. The logging service stores messages in a logging buffer that is time-limited, and cannot retain the information when a router is rebooted. Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding (Unicast RPF) is a feature that can reduce the effectiveness of packets with spoofed source addresses. Note:The source addresses of the DNS servers used in this attack scenario are typically DNS open resolvers. Devices within that network, such as terminal servers, have direct console access for management purposes. The dhcpd enable inside command was issued to enable the DHCP client. A network administrator enters the service password-encryption command into the configuration mode of a router. This tool can also be used for stateful benchmark and stress testing load balancers, ISPs, DPI, NAT, and firewall protection as well as stateless traffic stream generation. 89. Which type of cryptographic key should be used in this scenario? Using either of the previous configuration examples for the DNS Server service will disable recursion for all resolvers sending recursive DNS queries to the server. Authoratative and recursive resolver functions should be segregated because authoritative DNS servers primarily distribute information about hosts accessible via the Internet and they are also accessible via the Internet for distributing this information. Rate-based or Anomoly Detection Signatures. Nmap and Zenmap are low-level network scanners available to the public. What command is used on a switch to set the port access entity type so the interface acts only as an authenticator and will not respond to any messages meant for a supplicant? ), 144. 14. If a private key is used to encrypt the data, a private key must be used to decrypt the data. alert tcp $HOME_NET any -> $EXTERNAL_NET $HTTP_PORTS. Explanation: Symmetric encryption algorithms use the same key (also called shared secret) to encrypt and decrypt the data. 35. While it can detect and filter some spoofed traffic, Unicast RPF does not provide complete protection against spoofing because spoofed and valid packets with the same source address may arrive on the same interface. Enable IP source guard on FastEthernet 0/10 The network administrator for an e-commerce website requires a service that prevents customers from claiming that legitimate orders are fake. Placing a standard ACL close to the source may have the effect of filtering all traffic, and limiting services to other hosts. Establish protection, detection, response, and user access coverage to defend your endpoints. 132. Explanation: The IPsec framework consists of five building blocks. If attackers are able to predict the next transaction ID used in the DNS query along with source port value, they can construct and send (spoof) DNS messages with the correct transaction ID. What function is performed by the class maps configuration object in the Cisco modular policy framework? What are two security features commonly found in a WAN design? The DNS messages sent to open resolvers set the recursion desired (RD) flag in the DNS header. ! and may contain a maximum of 63 characters. What statement describes an attack vector? Examples of such resources include CPU, memory, and socket buffers. While it is a good idea to configure a banner to display legal information for connecting users, it is not required to enable SSH.. Which protocol or measure should be used to mitigate the vulnerability of using FTP to transfer documents between a teleworker and the company file server? During the second phase IKE negotiates security associations between the peers. SSH does not need to be set up on any physical interfaces, nor does an external authentication server need to be used. If the requested information for the DNS query message does not exist, the DNS server will respond with a NXDOMAIN (Non-Existent Domain) DNS response message or a DNS Referral Response message. The configuration of this feature, when configurable, will be detailed later in the feature configuration section. It mirrors traffic that passes through a switch port or VLAN to another port for traffic analysis. Which two steps are required before SSH can be enabled on a Cisco router? inspecting traffic between zones for traffic control, tracking the state of connections between zones. You must sign in or sign up to start the quiz. Which two statements describe the use of asymmetric algorithms? Flaws have been discovered in DNS where the implementations do not provide sufficient entropy in the randomization of DNS transaction IDs when issuing queries. For more information, consult this support article. specifying source addresses for authentication, authorization with community string priority, host 192.168.1.3, host 192.168.1.4, and range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.20, host 192.168.1.4 and range 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.20. Cisco provides the official information contained on the Cisco Security portal in English only. Which zone-based policy firewall zone is system-defined and applies to traffic destined for the router or originating from the router? Explanation: Traffic originating from the public network and traveling toward the DMZ is selectively permitted and inspected. (Choose two.). Which action do IPsec peers take during the IKE Phase 2 exchange? A security service company is conducting an audit in several risk areas within a major corporation. The normalizer always sees the SYN packet as the first packet in a flow unless Cisco ASA is in loose mode because of failover. Explanation: Digital certificates are used to prove the authenticity and integrity of PKI certificates, but a PKI Certificate Authority is a trusted third-party entity that issues PKI certificates. Network Security (Version 1.0) Practice Final Exam Answers, Network Security 1.0 Final PT Skills Assessment (PTSA) Exam, Modules 1 - 4: Securing Networks Group Exam Answers, Modules 5 - 7: Monitoring and Managing Devices Group Exam Answers, Modules 8 - 10: ACLs and Firewalls Group Exam Answers, Modules 11 - 12: Intrusion Prevention Group Exam Answers, Modules 13 - 14: Layer 2 and Endpoint Security Group Exam Answers, Modules 15 - 17: Cryptography Group Exam Answers, Network Security (Version1.0) Modules 15 17: Cryptography Group Test Online, 6.3.7 Packet Tracer Configure OSPF Authentication Answers, 15.4.5 Lab Explore Encryption Methods Answers, 21.2.10 Optional Lab Configure ASA Basic Settings Using the CLI Answers, Module 9: Quiz Firewall Technologies (Answers) Network Security, 6.6.4 Packet Tracer Configure and Verify NTP Answers, Network Security (Version1.0) Modules 18 19: VPNs Group Test Online, 15.1.5 Check Your Understanding Identify the Secure Communication Objective Answers, 18.4.6 Check Your Understanding Compare AH and ESP Answers, 8.5.12 Packet Tracer Configure Extended ACLs Scenario 1 Answers, Modules 3 4: Operating System Overview Group Exam (Answers). DH is a public key exchange method and allows two IPsec peers to establish a shared secret key over an insecure channel. In the following example, theshow logging | grepregexcommand extracts syslog messages from the logging buffer on the firewall. The user must repeat the process to exit the data hall. DevNet Associate (Version 1.0) Final Exam Answers, CCNA 1 v7 Modules 1 3: Basic Network Connectivity and Communications Test Online, ITN (Version 7.00) Final PT Skills Assessment (PTSA) Exam Answers. The DNS transaction ID is a 16-bit field in the Header section of a DNS message. Your use of the information in the document or materials linked from the document is at your own risk. 25. Verify that the security feature is enabled in the IOS. What service provides this type of guarantee? The Subscriber Rule Set also provides the fastest access to updated signatures in response to a security incident or the proactive discovery of a new threat. 39. http://dns.measurement-factory.com/tools/dnstop/. 85. 148. We truly value your contribution to the website. Explanation: The disadvantage of operating with mirrored traffic is that the IDS cannot stop malicious single-packet attacks from reaching the target before responding to the attack. The firewall also monitors the message exchange to ensure that the transaction ID of the DNS reply matches the transaction ID of the initial DNS query. ! 10. R1 will open a separate connection to the TACACS server on a per source IP address basis for each authentication session. The following example provides information on how to disable recursion for the DNS Server service using the Windows Command-Line) CLI. We will update answers for you in the shortest time. ip dhcp snooping vlan 100 16. 63. It mitigates MAC address overflow attacks. Active flows timeout in 2 minutes These controls are described in the following sections. All devices must have open authentication with the corporate network. Hence you can not start it again. Prevent spam emails from reaching endpoints. 34. Which two options are security best practices that help mitigate BYOD risks? 110. The DNS Server service is a software product provided by Microsoft Corporation that implements the DNS protocol. Which protocol is an IETF standard that defines the PKI digital certificate format? What two assurances does digital signing provide about code that is downloaded from the Internet? Refer to the exhibit. Note that there are situations where sections of the DNS message may be empty. WPA2 for data encryption of all data between sites, outside perimeter security including continuous video surveillance. This function is enabled by default with a limit of 512 bytes. (Choose two.). 7. What type of NAT is used? The private or internal zone is commonly used for internal LANs. Unlock the full benefits of your Cisco software, both on-premises and in the cloud. 19. A security analyst is configuring Snort IPS. When the CLI is used to configure an ISR for a site-to-site VPN connection, which two items must be specified to enable a crypto map policy? ////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////. 61. DNS is a globally distributed, scalable, hierarchical, and dynamic database that provides a mapping between hostnames, IP addresses (both IPv4 and IPv6), text records, mail exchange information (MX records), name server information (NS records), and security key information defined in Resource Records (RRs). 136. Frames from PC1 will be dropped, and there will be no log of the violation. Use the login local command for authenticating user access. All devices should be allowed to attach to the corporate network flawlessly. If the next UDP source port value used in the DNS query along with the transaction ID can be predicted, an attacker can construct and send spoofed DNS messages with the correct UDP source port. Which type of firewall makes use of a server to connect to destination devices on behalf of clients? Explanation: Integrity checking is used to detect and report changes made to systems. This feature is not supported on the FWSM firewalls. Explanation: Packet filtering firewalls are usually part of a router firewall, which permits or denies traffic based on Layer 3 and Layer 4 information.An application gateway firewall (proxy firewall), as shown in the figure, filters information at Layers 3, 4, 5, and 7 of the OSI reference model. Place extended ACLs close to the source IP address of the traffic. Refer to the exhibit. IPv6INIP 19 0.0 3 75 0.0 0.9 60.9 Like FTP, TFTP transfers files unencrypted. command whereas a router uses the help command to receive help on a brief description and the syntax of a command. (Choose two.). Table 2. Which type of firewall is supported by most routers and is the easiest to implement? Operators can use the 'allow-recursion-on' configuration option to select which addresses on the DNS server will accept recursive DNS queries. Gi0/0 192.0.2.4 Gi0/1 192.168.60.100 11 0B66 0035 18 ! Ping sweeps will indicate which hosts are up and responding to pings, whereas port scans will indicate on which TCP and UDP ports the target is listening for incoming connections. 108. Threat defense includes a firewall and intrusion prevention system (IPS). The purpose of IKE Phase 2 is to negotiate a security association between two IKE peers. Multiple inspection actions are used with ZPF. What are two evasion methods used by hackers? (Choose two. (Choose two.). For the firewall to successfully mitigate cache poisoning attacks, both the initial DNS query and the subsequent non-malicious DNS response will need to transit the firewall. The information defined in RRs is grouped into zones and maintained locally on a DNS server so it can be retrieved globally through the distributed DNS architecture. To understand DNS and the DNS-specific recommendations in this document, it is important that operators and administrators are familiar with the following terms: DNS primarily translates hostnames to IP addresses or IP addresses to hostnames. A web server administrator is configuring access settings to require users to authenticate first before accessing certain web pages. Cisco Secure Firewall ASA Series Syslog Messages . This function is not available on FWSM Firewalls. Configure the hash as SHA and the authentication as pre-shared. (Choose two.). Tracking the connection allows only return traffic to be permitted through the firewall in the opposite direction. Buffer overflow in firmware lewei_cam binary version 2.0.10 in Force 1 Discovery Wifi U818A HD+ FPV Drone allows attacker to gain remote code execution as root user via a specially crafted UDP packet. Explanation: A wildcard mask uses 0s to indicate that bits must match. (Choose two.). Attackers use this exploitation technique to redirect users from legitimate sites to malicious sites or to inform the DNS resolver to use a malicious name server (NS) that is providing RR information used for malicious activities. The ACL has not been applied to an interface. Explanation: There are three configuration objects in the MPF; class maps, policy maps, and service policy. Explanation: The IPsec framework uses various protocols and algorithms to provide data confidentiality, data integrity, authentication, and secure key exchange. 135. The analyst has just downloaded and installed the Snort OVA file. What functional area of the Cisco Network Foundation Protection framework is responsible for device-generated packets required for network operation, such as ARP message exchanges and routing advertisements? Refer to the exhibit. This message indicates that the interface changed state five times. Attackers analyze the transaction ID values generated by the DNS implementation to create an algorithm that can be used to predict the next DNS transaction ID used for a query message. Area string router-LSA of length number bytes plus update overhead bytes is too large to flood. The current peer IP address should be 172.30.2.1. PKI certificates are public information and are used to provide authenticity, confidentiality, integrity, and nonrepudiation services that can scale to large requirements. Which security measure is best used to limit the success of a reconnaissance attack from within a campus area network? ! Which attack is defined as an attempt to exploit software vulnerabilities that are unknown or undisclosed by the vendor? What is the purpose of a reconnaissance attack on a computer network? Install the OVA file. Step 3. 96. Remove the inbound association of the ACL on the interface and reapply it outbound. The role of root user does not exist in privilege levels. Firewall syslog message106007will be generated when the firewall detects that a DNS response message has already been received for a DNS query message and the connection entry has been torn down by the DNS guard function. For additional configuration options, consult the. 3. Refer to the exhibit. installing the maximum amount of memory possible. These configurations are applied to the DNS Server service either through the Windows user interface (UI) or from the command-line (CLI). Which threat protection capability is provided by Cisco ESA? 130. A stateful firewall provides more stringent control over security than a packet filtering firewall. ip dhcp snooping (Choose two.). Browse our listings to find jobs in Germany for expats, including jobs for English speakers or those in your native language. (Choose two. Otherwise, a thief could retrieve discarded reports and gain valuable information. Features include: to flood your network with UDP packets as fast as possible to see how much it can take. Only a root user can add or remove commands. Cisco Security Appliance System Log Message - 410002, Cisco Security Appliance System Log Message - 106007, Identifying Incidents Using Firewall and IOS Router Syslog Events, Configuring Logging on the Cisco Security Appliance, Configuring Monitoring and Logging on the Cisco FWSM, Cisco Security Appliance Command Reference for show asp drop. Which Cisco solution helps prevent ARP spoofing and ARP poisoning attacks? Use the aaa local authentication attempts max-fail global configuration mode command with a higher number of acceptable failures. HMAC uses a secret key that is only known to the sender and defeats man-in-the-middle attacks. Additional information about DNS application inspection and the Modular Policy Framework is available inHow DNS Application Inspection Works. 59. Because DNS is such a critical protocol for Internet operations, countless operating systems, and applications, operators and administrators must harden DNS servers to prevent them from being used maliciously. Which portion of the Snort IPS rule header identifies the destination port? Explanation: A symmetric key requires that both routers have access to the secret key that is used to encrypt and decrypt exchanged data. Enable IPS globally or on desired interfaces. Step 7. Refer to the exhibit. Different from the router IOS, the ASA provides a help command that provides a brief command description and syntax for certain commands. Terminal servers can have direct console connections to user devices needing management. If the source address of the IP packet is not present in the routing table, the packet is dropped. The traffic is selectively permitted and inspected. Explanation: The task to ensure that only authorized personnel can open a file is data confidentiality, which can be implemented with encryption. This is also known as a DNS Referral Response message. Although it is not typically displayed in user applications, the DNS root is represented as a trailing dot in a fully qualified domain name (FQDN). Explanation: A digital certificate might need to be revoked if its key is compromised or it is no longer needed. 134. 118. R1 will open a separate connection to the TACACS+ server for each user authentication session. IP Flow Switching Cache, 4456704 bytes These RFCs were made obsolete byRFC 1034andRFC 1035and have been updated by multiple RFCs over the years. (Choose two.). Using an out-of-band communication channel (OOB) either requires physical access to the file server or, if done through the internet, does not necessarily encrypt the communication. After authentication succeeds, normal traffic can pass through the port. Gi0/0 192.0.2.5 Gi0/1 192.168.60.162 11 0914 0035 1 There can only be one statement in the network object. Which three objectives must the BYOD security policy address? Words of the message are substituted based on a predetermined pattern. all other ports within the same community. Explanation: Cryptanalysis is the practice and study of determining the meaning of encrypted information (cracking the code), without access to the shared secret key. An example is a 'DNS Referral Response Message', in which the Answer section is empty, but the Authority and Additional sections are present and contain RR information. Which component is addressed in the AAA network service framework? DNS Guard Beginning with software release 7.0(5) for Cisco ASA 5500 Series and Cisco PIX 500 Series, and software release 4.0 for the FWSM the DNS guard function can be controlled through thedns-guardglobal configuration or the dns-guard parameters submode command for policy-map type inspect dns. It copies the traffic patterns and analyzes them offline, thus it cannot stop the attack immediately and it relies on another device to take further actions once it detects an attack. All login attempts will be blocked for 1.5 hours if there are 4 failed attempts within 150 seconds. Both have a 30-day delayed access to updated signatures. Recent Comments. 99. For example, the right-most dot in "www.cisco.com." ! The IDS analyzes actual forwarded packets. Refer toConfiguring Commonly Used IP ACLsfor more information on how to configure Access Control Lists. A network analyst is configuring a site-to-site IPsec VPN. What are two drawbacks in assigning user privilege levels on a Cisco router? (Choose two. On which two interfaces or ports can security be improved by configuring executive timeouts? UDP-NTP 486955 0.1 1 76 0.1 5.2 58.4 5. Which attack involves threat actors positioning themselves between a source and destination with the intent of transparently monitoring, capturing, and controlling the communication? Continue Reading. The DHS Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Terms (DAAT) list contains homeland security related acronyms, abbreviations, and terms. The ASA, PIX, and FWSM firewall products, Cisco Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) and Cisco IOS NetFlow feature, provide capabilities to aid in identification and mitigation for DNS related attacks. (Choose two.). What statement describes the risk of access to cloud storage devices? This means that the security of encryption lies in the secrecy of the keys, not the algorithm. SIEM is used to provide real-time reporting of security events on the network. What are the three components of an STP bridge ID? What are two examples of DoS attacks? Other configuration options for BIND are available for limiting how devices can obtain answers to recursive DNS messages. For additional configuration options, consult theBIND 9.5 Administrator Reference Manualthat can be used to secure BIND. Which three types of traffic are allowed when the authentication port-control auto command has been issued and the client has not yet been authenticated? 140. Maliciously Abusing Implementation Flaws in DNS Protections for Spoofing Detecting and Preventing DNS Attacks using Cisco Products and Features DNS Tools and Resources. 98. Commonly, BYOD security practices are included in the security policy. A FQDN may contain a maximum of 255 characters, including the ".". Explanation: Digitally signing code provides several assurances about the code:The code is authentic and is actually sourced by the publisher.The code has not been modified since it left the software publisher.The publisher undeniably published the code. What are two security measures used to protect endpoints in the borderless network? IP packet size distribution (158814397 total packets): 78. Based on the security levels of the interfaces on ASA1, what traffic will be allowed on the interfaces? An advantage of this is that it can stop an attack immediately. MIB files repository. The implementation of IP source guard within the access layer of a network can effectively eliminate the origination of spoofed IP traffic. The analyst has configured both the ISAKMP and IPsec policies. Note that this feature is enabled by default on Windows 2000 Service Pack 3 (SP3) and Windows Server 2003, and that using this feature will also produce more queries sent from the DNS server. Organizations can expect to receive standardized, validated and enriched vulnerability research on a specific version of a software product. 13. Both are fully supported by Cisco and include Cisco customer support. The ip verify source command is applied on untrusted interfaces. For every inbound ACL placed on an interface, there should be a matching outbound ACL. Refer to the exhibit. Explanation: Asymmetric algorithms use two keys: a public key and a private key. Cisco IOS routers utilize both named and numbered ACLs and Cisco ASA devices utilize only numbered ACLs. (Choose two.). Router03 time is synchronized to a stratum 2 time server. 127. This function will harden DNS implementations with weak randomization algorithms. The time on Router03 may not be reliable because it is offset by more than 7 seconds to the time server. When the Cisco NAC appliance evaluates an incoming connection from a remote device against the defined network policies, what feature is being used? ), What are the three components of an STP bridge ID? Microsoft Windows also provides a feature calledDNS Server Secure Cache Against Pollutionthat ignores the RRs in DNS response messages received from a non-authoritative server. The standard defines the format of a digital certificate. 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