Practical and Critical Legal Concerns for Sport Physicians and Athletic Trainers Submitted by: Steve Chen & Enrico Esposito Abstract In order to help sport physicians and athletic trainers understand the legal principles that may be applicable to injury treatment, the writers examined the areas of liability that physicians and trainers may face Social Media Issues and School Authority to Sanction Student-AthletesCourts continue to struggle with the issue whether schools have the authority to sanction students or student-athletes for inappropriate, off-campus postings on social media websites in violation of school or athletics codes of conduct. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201 | 414.288.7090. in Strategic Communications Global Communications, M.S. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, Maisonave v. Newark Bears Professional Baseball Club, Inc, Murphy v. Natl Collegiate Athletic Assn, Natl Collegiate Athletic Assn v. Christie. 2022 Marquette University Law School All rights reserved. Fax: 414.288.5881john.novotny@marquette.edu, Eckstein Hall, 138 Unsportsmanlike Conduct: The Dut Placed on Stadium Owners to Protect Against Fan Violence, Unsportsmanlike Conduct: The Duty Placed on Stadium Owners to Protect Against Fan Violence, Private Golf Clubs: Freedom of Expression and the Right to Privacy, Daily Fantasy Sports and the Presidential Debate. Pub. The sports world has been dramatically impacted by COVID-19. Many opponents of Title IX argue that the law has turned into a quota system and has contributed to the systematic destruction of male sports programs throughout the United States. However, the way we are consuming sport is changing and this is exhibited by decreased viewing figures. In order to proactively ensure that sanctions against student-athletes withstand judicial scrutiny, school and athletics personnel must have a thorough understanding of the interpretation by courts of constitutional rights in sports settings. Submit the form below, and a representative will contact you to answer any questions. Michael McCann. Here are some of the biggest issues within today's sports: There are a number of legal issues that are found in the sports. Instructional Specialist K-12, M.S. The intentional and wrongful physical contact with a person without his or her consent that entails some injury or offensive touching. 1. We also publish 11 other sports law periodicals. They are seen as role models responsible for setting an example for others to follow, especially young people. Whether it's the NBA, MLB, NFL, or even the NHL, there will always be flaws within sports. And although the Jackson case dealt with retaliation only in the context of complaints regarding alleged Title IX violations, other cases have found retaliation to be actionable in cases where the constituents concerns related to other athletics program issues. All rights reserved. Lawyers working within eSports will need to be familiar with traditional sports law issues, such as player agreements, team sponsorship and good governance systems (growth and commercialisation brings increased risk of match-fixing and doping, for example). Since the beginning of 2014, more than 150 incidents of alleged hazing in school athletics programs have been reported by national media, including many involving physical abuse or sexual assaults resulting in criminal prosecution of the direct perpetrators for felony assault or sex crimes, some involving prosecution of school personnel for failure to report child abuse, and almost all leading to civil suits. Sports law refers to a specialized practice focused on legal issues pertaining to the sports industry. in Digital Technology & Design Game Design, B.S. Out of these cases has emerged an extensive body of law focusing on the need for athletics personnel to understand the legal responsibilities imposed on them with regard to student-athletes, including the duties of planning, supervision, technique instruction, warnings, safe playing environment, safe equipment, matching and equating athletes, evaluation of injuries, return-to-action protocols, immediate medical response, emergency medical response planning, safe transportation, and other categories of responsibilities intended to protect athletes from injury. Lee Green is an attorney and a professor at Baker University in Baldwin City, Kansas, where he teaches courses in sports law, business law and constitutional law. U.S. Sports Betting "Arms Race" Current Status: SCOTUS ruled that the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act was unconstitutional, opening the doors for states to determine themselves whether it would legalize and regulate sports betting.Woohoo! In addition to these traditional areas of work, eSports brings with it some unique legal challenges. Professional athletes' contracts in these sports include exculpatory agreements to protect owners from lawsuits arising out of the performance of the contract. What Sport Managers Should Know About Legal Issues Published On: October 30, 2020 The sports business encompasses a wide range of activities involving spectators, participants, finance and legal issues. Biometric data is collected through uniforms made of smart fabrics, equipment containing sensors and trackers (e.g. Although Major League Baseball (MLB) has held an exemption from antitrust laws, which have kept new, competitive leagues from forming, because the MLB could restrict its players from joining another league. More than 200 lawyers, law students, and sports business professionals attended the day-long symposium that primarily addressed three cutting-edge legal issues: concussions, drug use, and the use . For example, when a recreational skier purchases a lift ticket, the back of that ticket often contains a liability waiver, releasing the resort from liability from any foreseeable accidents that may occur on the slopes, not due to the negligence of the resort in maintaining reasonably safe skiing conditions. In light of that, what opportunities, if any, do your respective organizations provide its athletes to address issues that are important to them? This is the first article of a two-part series focused on marijuana's impact on professional sports and current developments in professional league policies, legislation, and elsewhere. Fri: 8:00 a.m - 4:30 p.m Legal, Ethical and Professional Issues Ethical Dilemma Within healthcare, practitioners often have to make difficult decisions regarding the care of their patients. in Educational Leadership Higher Ed Administration, View All Post-Graduate Education Programs, View All Post-Graduate Healthcare Programs, View All Technology - Undergraduate Certificates, Leadership, Communication & Media - Undergraduate, View All Leadership, Communication & Media - Undergraduate Certificates, View All Engineering - Graduate Certificates, View All Education - Graduate Certificates, Graduate Certificate in Nurse Administrator, Post-Master's Certificate in Family Nurse Practitioner, View All Healthcare - Graduate and Post-Graduate Certificates, Master of Science in Sport Administration online program, A-State's Master of Science in Sport Administration online program. MWL: The Blame Game: Understanding Exculpatory Agreements and Liability Waivers, LawInSport: An Overview of Key Case Law Relation to Negligent Liability for Sports Injuries, KFKlaw: Sports Waivers and Releases of Liability, USLegal: Antritrust Labor Law Issues in Sports, Gilman & Bedigian: NASCAR Spectators Sue for Injuries. Many consumers now wish to snack on sport rather than sit down for a full 90-minute meal; this trend is sure to increase over the next five years. Owners use the salary cap as a bargaining tool with player contracts, arguing that salaries in excess of certain figures "bust the cap" and make it impossible to field a winning team. Artificial intelligence adds a new dimension to these questions. Legal Issues in Professional Hockey: National And International Dimensions [Kurlantzick, Lewis] on Amazon.com. The introduction by the Association of Summer Olympic International Federations (ASOIF) of a compliance certification system based on control mechanisms, democracy, development, integrity and transparency has underlined the need for all sporting entities to ensure adequate internal procedures are implemented, monitored and regularly updated. Professional Sports and the Law (PSL) is a publication that delivers summaries of important court decisions, expert legal analysis and relevant sports law articles to attorneys and other executives that work in-house at professional sports teams. Antitrust laws and institutions exist to protect consumers from the fallout of anti-competitive behaviors. The expansion of the sports industry in recent times has helped fuel growth of related professional fields such as sports management. but Bring a Helmet: Reforming the Baseball Rule in Light of Recent Fan Injuries at Baseball Stadiums, Third and Long: The Issues Facing the NFL Collective Bargaining Agreement Negotiations and the Effects of an Uncapped Year. Indeed, the multi-host approach has been adopted by Uefa for the 2020 European Championship (13 host cities spread around Europe rather than a single host country) and Fiba has shown it is open to multi-host bids for the next edition of its flagship event. The risks and rewards of sports demand an increasingly complex set of laws and institutions in order protect the interests of team and facility owners, athletes, and even fans and other stakeholders. in Creative Media Production Corporate Media, B.S. Professor Weston will provide an overview of legal issues arising in professional sports over the past year. It also helps to make small market teams more competitive, which has been a problem in baseball, where large markets can vastly outspend small markets. Also, most cases end up with certain fees or game suspensions, simply because the magistrate's court only has a capped limit on fees. Ethics and law are inextricably linked in modern society, and many legal decisions arise from the interpretation of various ethical issues. Federal Statutes (select statutes applicable to sports law): Amateur Sports Act of 1978. It is also critical for school personnel to have a thorough understanding of the nuances of the so-called three prong test for evaluating whether a school provides adequate sports participation opportunities for its female students. (2001). Case Law Here are some legal issues to be aware of: Player Representation: It is well established with traditional sports that the players have managers and attorneys to help them make business deals and navigate legal situations, the case is currently not the same for eSports players. Most professional athletes tend to avoid criminal liability; however, it is not left to be punishable. Such issues commonly involve the contracts, torts and the discrimination issues. Pub. You should be aware of some of the more common legal issues and if necessary, seek expert legal advice, to minimise the potential conflicts . Though Curt Flood failed in his bid, the reserve clause was struck down in 1975, which opened the doors to modern free agency. For instance, The Sherman Antitrust Act prohibits monopolies and price fixing. Legal issues within clubs are wide and varied. In the era of ESPN and Budweiser, professional athletes are often treated like rock stars and worshipped by countless fans. Baseball, football, basketball, and hockey have all had legal battles involving the application of the antitrust laws. The stakeholders can include:[5] Health care professionals (doctor, physiotherapist, athletic trainer, etc) The athletes themselves Team management (coaches, general manager) Team owner (in professional sport) Other stakeholders such as agents, family (parents), the media and the sports fans Conflicts of Interest[edit| edit source] Subscribe here or see a sample issue. Fri: 8:00 a.m - 4:30 p.m 201 (2018). Research released by the BBC in relation to Englands Premier League and Championship and the Scottish Premiership has shown that 322 players would not meet the current foreign player criteria if they were to be imposed on EU/EEA players. IHS predicts that global revenues for sports, fitness and activity. Players sign contracts that guarantee a certain amount of pay, spread over a certain number of years. Collective Bargaining Negotiations. Risk ManagementIn a society and an era where the trend is toward individuals with any grievance whatsoever whether a substantive dispute with potential merit as a lawsuit or a frivolous claim lacking the solid legal foundation for a legitimate cause of action immediately pursuing litigation as their preferred recourse, risk management in the context of minimizing legal exposure has become an inescapable part of the job description for school and athletics personnel. In many countries, there is a quota for foreign players; and in some countries, like the United Kingdom, additional limits are imposed by the government. The coronavirus has presented a number of legal issues for MLB and the players association to hash out. The inclusion of transgender students in the new guidance reflects evolving legal standards nationwide, both through laws enacted by state legislatures and via policies implemented by state associations. Most important for high schools is a complete and accurate grasp of the OCRs so-called laundry list of 11 areas of other athletics benefits and opportunities out of which the vast majority of Title IX complaints arise, including equivalence between girls teams and boys teams with regard to facilities and locker rooms, equipment and uniforms, travel and transportation, access to quality coaching, publicity and marketing support, game and practice scheduling, and other categories of program resources and support. The women are given less opportunities to play in the sports. Box 1881, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201 | 414.288.7090. 1981 (2018). Ultimately, the practitioner must be able to rationalise any . Was the National Football Leagues Domestic Violence Policy Collectively Bargained For? In 2017, legal sports betting accounted for $270 million in revenue, according to the research firm Eilers & Krejcik. It is imperative that a wide range of school officials superintendents, principals, athletics directors, coaches, athletic trainers, event supervisors and other athletics personnel be aware of and familiar with the details of the ever-increasing scope of legal issues related to school athletics programs. Almost every aspect of the law in the UK will be touched by Brexit and sports law is no exception. These areas include NCAA rules violations, domestic violence, substance abuse, diversity (players and coaches), and player safety. In J. Natl Football League v. Governor of the State of Delaware (NFL), Office of the Commr of Baseball v. Markell. Professional Sports Leagues and the First Amendment: A Closed Marketplace, Fishing for All-Stars in a Time of Global Free Agency: Understanding FIFA Eligibility Rules and the Impact on the U.S. Mens National Team, Media Leagues: Australia Suggests New Professional Sports Leagues for the Twenty-First Century, Doubling Down on Sports Gambling: Why PASPA Would Fail a Constitutional Challenge, A Comparative Analysis of American and Candian Antitrust and Labor Laws as Applied to Professional Sports League Lockouts and Potential Solutions to Prevent Their Occurrence, A Three Dimentional Model of Stadium Owner Liability in Spectator Injuyr Cases, Labor in Nippon Professional Baseball and the Future of Player Transfers to Major League Baseball, John Rocker and Employee Discipline for Speech, Michael Sam and the NFL Locker Room: How Masculinities Theory Explains the Way We View Gay Athletes, Labor Relations in the National Hockey League: A Model of Transnational Collective Bargaining. They include regulations related to franchising, sport-related crimes, drug tests, contracts, and similar. There are other legal/labor issues involving the immigration status of an athlete into the United States for the specific purpose of engaging in professional sports. As the sport sector has become more professional, the law surrounding sport seems to have become more complex and challenging for those involved. Phone: 414.288.7090 Leadership, Curriculum Director, Ed.D. Without Thanks to Richie Incognito: Should Employers Owe a Duty to Employees to Protect Against Psychological Harm from Status-Blind Bullying in the Workplace?. Concussion Management and Return-To-Play ProtocolsOn January 30, 2014, the governor of Mississippi signed into law the Mississippi Youth Concussion Act. [5] https://www.cnbc.com/2018/09/25/does-sponsorship-work-deals-value-to-reach-66-billion-in-2018.html; https://www.si.com/nba/2018/09/21/nba-teams-revenue-spending-breakdown-small-large-market;https://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/news/2018/fields-and-fairways-college-football-fans-are-saturday-stars.html, 1215 W. Michigan St., Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53233 | P.O. When it Hits the Fan: Will There be Liability for the Broken Bat?. This could be to do with giving or withdrawing treatment, or as simple as sharing risk information (Glover, 1997). Last month, voters in California dealt a massive blow to legal sports betting in California, or so it seemed. In the l inks below, we review the key arguments in 10 of these cases and highlight why they should be followed closely. Consumer Information (ABA Required Disclosures), Lubar Center for Public Policy Research and Civic Education, Marquette Law and Entrepreneurship Clinic, Recent Developments in Sports Law (formerly You Make the Call), Charles W. Mentkowski Sports Law Alumnus of the Year Award, Support Anti-Terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies. Phone: 414.288.6823 William Fulton was one such fan injured by debris from a massive crash. Mon - Thur: 8:00 a.m. - 7:30 p.m. Given all of that, how do you see this decision affecting professional sports, and specifically as it relates to your employees, teams, affiliate teams, and the leagues in which you operate? There are a number of legal issues that are found in the sports. Phone: 414.288.5285 2000 (e) (2018). . in Digital Technology & Design Web Design, View All Undergraduate Technology and Engineering Programs, MSE in Educational Theory and Practice Adult Education, MSE in School Counseling Crisis and Trauma, MSE in School Counseling Special Populations, MSE in Special Ed. Disaster Preparedness and Emergency Management, View All Undergraduate Leadership and Management Programs, B.S. Courts decide on the reasonable level of care that a party owes toward another party, given the circumstances of a particular situation. For instance, in 2011, 210 school districts encompassing 525 high schools were named in formal complaints filed with the OCR. Also important to minimizing vicarious liability for sexual harassment is the process of in-servicing all athletics personnel regarding both sexual harassment and the specific requirements of the states child abuse reporting statute. L. 87-331, 15 U.S.C. 2022 Marquette University Law School All rights reserved. In precisely one-half of those cases, courts have held that such punishments violate student-free-speech rights, while in the others, courts have upheld school action because the speech in question created a substantial disruption at school, constituted bullying or harassment, or manifested a true threat of violence against members of the school community. Anti-Doping COVID19 Commercial Gambling Integrity IP Media Regulation & Governance Safeguarding / Guardians Tax Articles Athletics, Sports, Athlete Welfare, Football, Articles, Olympic, Paralympic, Regulation & Governance, Safeguarding Ten steps sports organisations must take to better protect children in sport It is imperative that school and athletics administrators not only avoid any form of actual retaliation, but that they also endeavor to avoid even the appearance of retaliation against anyone who expresses concern or disagreement with athletics program policies or strategies. Fax: 414.288.6403, Eckstein Hall, 244 In order to best serve your needs, please select the type(s) of article(s) youd like to receive in your newsletter: By submitting this form, I am providing my digital signature agreeing that Arkansas State University (A-State) may email me or contact me regarding educational services by telephone and/or text message utilizing automated technology or a pre-recorded message at the telephone number(s) provided above. The CAS gives interview guidance about legal issues identified within the game ("CAS FAQs," 2016). Bending the Rules to Change the Rule? One way to manage this risk is with an exculpatory agreement, also known as a liability waiver. For example: the way the young audience consumes the content predominantly via streaming platforms such as Twitch and the complex relationships between publishers of the games (who own the IP in the game), eSports event owners and the growing number of professional eSports teams. Title IX & Gender Equity in Athletics Programs Since the mid-1990s, between 125 and 150 Title IX complaints against school districts have typically been filed each year with the OCR, with approximately half resulting in a resolution agreement (settlement) after the initial phases of an OCR investigation and the other half resulting in federal lawsuits. 2. While some sports share multiple issues, some of the problems presented have to do with particular aspects of the game. in Media Management, Digital Management Track, M.S. Using the same standard employed in sexual harassment cases, courts have tended to find school and athletics personnel vicariously liable in those situations where the official had knowledge that hazing was occurring and exhibited deliberate indifference to immediately correcting the situation. The Arkansas State University Master of Science in Sport Administration online program features a course in sports law that explores legal issues including tort law, negligence, contracts, antitrust, labor, and licensing law, among other sports-related legal matters. One of the most significant sports law cases of 2019 saw the N.C.A.A. In specific instances in which accidents have resulted in harm to spectators, spectators have sued, claiming that the facilities did not exercise reasonable care in protecting them. According to technology industry analysis firm IHS Technology, its already a billion-dollar industry and growing rapidly. The NFL, NHL and NBA have salary caps that limit how much each team can spend on players, though the NBA has a "soft cap," allowing teams to exceed limits if they are willing to pay the league a luxury tax. Mar 19, 2020. Overview of Legal Issues in Professional Sports (Conference Materials 2018) Overview of Legal Issues in Professional Sports ( Return to Conference Materails Mainpage) Maureen Arellano Weston Professor of Law and Director, Entertainment, Media & Sports Dispute Resolution Project, Pepperdine University, School of Law, Malibu, California, Hazing in Athletics ProgramsHazing continues to be a widespread problem in school athletics programs and one of the most highly litigated claims against districts and athletics personnel, with courts typically imposing liability either because of the failure to create an anti-hazing policy or for developing a policy that is substantively inadequate or ineffectively implemented. Social media is starting to take a real interest in sport and rights holders will be need to carefully balance their media rights between social and traditional platforms. Options in the contracts enable teams to exercise a right to retain a player, after a set number of years, at a percentage of the previous year's salary. 7. Three elements to battery. Once considered a pernicious vice by some, gambling has become mainstream to professional sports following a 2018 U.S. Supreme Court ruling that gave states the authority to regulate sports gambling. In a 104 page document, United States District Court Judge Claudia Wilkins criticized the N.C.A.A. 27 For discussion on Saxton and . As with entertainment, arts, or hospitality law, sports law generally refers more to the target industry rather than a separate body of law, though there are a few unique legal issues only faced by professional sports leagues. The core message of the directive is that students with disabilities should be granted equal opportunity to participate alongside their peers in school athletics programs, club sports, intramural sports and physical education courses. This kind of disagreement often results from the termination of a playeror coach's employment contract, or the transfer of a player between teams. A clear example of this rapid growth is the inclusion of eSports as a medal event at the 2022 Asian Games. Despite the potential for facing criticism, it is becoming more apparent that athletes are actively choosing to take on the role of advocate in their communities. Sports Litigation Alert tracks legal developments as they occur in amateur and professional athletics as well as legislative issues that impact sports law professionals. Statutes. The following is a checklist of 10 key sports law topics, ranked in order of importance with regard to the incidence with which each category is generally resulting in legal claims against districts, school administrators and athletics personnel (#1 is the topic of highest current relevance). The professional team sports of football, baseball, basketball and hockey have all had legal battles over the application of antitrust laws. Fax: 414.288.5881john.novotny@marquette.edu, Eckstein Hall, 138 Many of the issues faced on and off the field in collegiate and professional sports mirror workplace law challenges faced by employers from all industries, as well as issues specific to the collegiate and professional sports worlds. in Strategic Communication Nonprofit Cert. Saving Careers He is a member of the High School Today Publications Committee. A lot of issues don't contain immediate solutions, while some only require a simple rule change by the commissioner. in Digital Technology & Design Social Media Concentration, B.S. There are many laws in sports, many of which overlap. Currently, 33 state associations have adopted formal policies setting forth anti-discrimination directives regarding transgender student-athletes and guidelines governing their participation in school athletics programs. The following legal concerns should be considered with esports applications in mind. 10. Email them at: Dan Bowden and Nicole Isherwood work as Associates at The Sports Consultancy Legal (The Sports Consultancys wholly owned, regulated law firm) where they advise rights holders, host cities, major events and brands in relation to a broad range of commercial, operational and other legal issues. A suspension alleged to be more severe than that given to other students for the same offense often brings a Fourteenth Amendment equal protection challenge. in Digital Technology & Design Graphic Communications Concentration, B.S. Typically, a Standard . Systems that use artificial intelligence technologies are becoming increasingly autonomous in terms of the complexity of the tasks they can perform, their potential impact on [] in Media Management, Public Administration Track, M.S. Sports law covers the legal issues which pertain to the world of both amateur and professional sports. For information on statutory research generally, see our Statutes Research Guide and the Statutory Research Tutorial. Sports law in the United States overlaps substantially with labor law, contract law, competition or antitrust law, and tort law.Issues like defamation and privacy rights are also integral aspects of sports law. in Radiologic Sciences Imaging Specialist Major, B.S. If a student with a disability is not otherwise qualified and reasonable accommodations are not available to allow the student to participate in mainstream programs, the letter makes it clear that pursuant to existing disabilities laws, schools have an obligation to provide sports participation opportunities through adapted athletics programs ones specifically developed for students with disabilities or allied programs ones designed to combine students with and without disabilities together in a physical activity. Here, we provide a broad overview of some of these key legal concepts, along with examples, that are common in various aspects of sports. In the NFL, teams have what are known as 5th year options on players drafted in the first round of the NFL draft, that enable them to keep players who have performed well up to 5 years. 6. In motorsports, fans assume a certain level of risk. But, for those who think ethics plays a role in sports, professional athletes are held to a higher standard. From new tax laws to FBI investigations, sports gambling to amateurism, there are a number of issues that have the potential to fundamentally alter the operation of college athletics for the foreseeable future. Defenses to assault and battery. Casey Shilts, Kate Jett, & Brett Lashbrook. SUPPLEMENTARY RESOURCES FOR LEGAL ISSUES IN PROFESSIONAL SPORTS Statutory Law Equal Rights Under the Law, 42 U.S.C. The National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) guarantees the right to form labor unions and requires employers to deal with elected union leaders. Currently, there are no events scheduled for this time period. Phone: 414.288.6823 Flying debris from motorsports accidents could penetrate the protective netting and cause injuries in the stands. Without consent. Interesting and important numbers: Sponsorships.[5]. Learn more about A-State's Master of Science in Sport Administration online program. It will consist of a set of essays on a variety of legal issues facing professional basketball. Liability for Sports Injuries and the Duties of Athletics PersonnelSince the mid-1990s, hundreds of civil suits per year have been filed by injured student-athletes against schools, administrators and athletics personnel, most asserting a negligent failure to exercise reasonable care to safeguard the health and well-being of the athlete. 8. The incidence of complaints and lawsuits illustrates the need for school and athletics administrators to ensure that they have a thorough understanding of the Title IX regulatory framework, including the expectations of both the OCR and the federal courts with regard to compliance. QUESTION: After the Supreme Courts decision in May, individual states may now opt to legalize sports betting. Sports law includes a set of legal rules and regulations administered to the realm of professional sports. HeinOnline's Business and Legal Aspects of Sports and Entertainment (BLASE) aims to illuminate the critical issues prevalent in these two cultural arenas. Top 5 Sports Law Controversies to Watch in 2022 Michael McCann January 3, 2022, 9:01 PM With a baseball labor brawl, an aggrieved ex- NFL coach, crumbling college amateurism and a pandemic that. Since 2013, 9 U.S. states and Washington, D.C., have passed laws legalizing recreational marijuana, while 31 states passed laws legalizing . Other Sports Law Issues Affecting School Athletics Programs Event Management Legal Issues Employment Law & Coaches Contracts Trademark Law & School Mascots/Logos Pregnancy Discrimination In Sports Labor Law & FLSA Issues Student-Athlete Privacy Issues Facilities Management Legal Issues Prayer/Religious Activities At Sports Events Drone Use Legality At Practices/Games Liability For Erroneous Insurance Disclosures Legality Of Sports Drug Testing Programs Native American Mascot Legal Concerns High School Sports Event Broadcast Rights Participation Rights of Homeschooled Students. 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