The existence of the neutral pion was inferred from observing its decay products from cosmic rays, a so-called "soft component" of slow electrons with photons. The protons bounce off the iridium nuclei with enough energy for matter to be created. This blends particle physics with field theory. Opt. It also summarises recent theoretical studies, highlights unsolved problems and outlines a personal view on the most promising research directions. When the interference formula of Walter and Briggs [J. Phys. The standard picture for their presence in cosmic rays is that they are produced in collisions of cosmic ray protons with atomic nuclei in the interstellar medium, via the reaction, where A represents a nucleus: The secondary antiprotons (p) then propagate through the galaxy, confined by the galactic magnetic fields. However, those masses are almost an order of magnitude smaller than that of the nucleons, roughly [9] m .mw-parser-output .sfrac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .sfrac.tion,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .tion{display:inline-block;vertical-align:-0.5em;font-size:85%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .num,.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{display:block;line-height:1em;margin:0 0.1em}.mw-parser-output .sfrac .den{border-top:1px solid}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}v mq / f mq 45MeV, where mq are the relevant current-quark masses in MeV, around 510MeV. B: At. These particles pose not only numerous scientific problems, but also a terminological problem. [6] Later in the same year, they were also observed in cosmic-ray balloon experiments at Bristol University. Phys. This definition is not exact because "non-leptonic" may also signify photonic. The dominant 0 decay mode, with a branching ratio of BR2 = 0.98823 , is into two photons: The decay 0 3 (as well as decays into any odd number of photons) is forbidden by the C-symmetry of the electromagnetic interaction: The intrinsic C-parity of the 0 is +1, while the C-parity of a system of n photons is (1)n. The second largest 0 decay mode ( BRee = 0.01174 ) is the Dalitz decay (named after Richard Dalitz), which is a two-photon decay with an internal photon conversion resulting a photon and an electron-positron pair in the final state: The third largest established decay mode ( BR2e2e = 3.34105 ) is the double-Dalitz decay, with both photons undergoing internal conversion which leads to further suppression of the rate: The fourth largest established decay mode is the loop-induced and therefore suppressed (and additionally helicity-suppressed) leptonic decay mode ( BRee = 6.46108 ): The neutral pion has also been observed to decay into positronium with a branching fraction on the order of 109. Mol. However, some communities of astrophysicists continue to call the muon a "mu-meson". Recent advances are circumventing these shortcomings and extending the direct, ambient air field detection of light to petahertz frequencies. The lower limit of the total ionization cross section of the 4p6 subshell in Sr has been obtained with the maximum value of (6.21.2)1017cm2 at 92 eV. WebQuarks are massive particles of spin-1 2, implying that they are fermions.They carry an electric charge of 1 3 e (down-type quarks) or + 2 3 e (up-type quarks). Covariance mapping has been used in many areas of science and technology: inner-shell excitation and Auger decay, multiphoton and multielectron ionisation, time-of-flight and angle-resolved spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, stimulated Raman scattering, directional gamma ray sensing, welding diagnostics and brain connectivity studies (connectomics). The terms isotope and nuclide are often used synonymously, but These sources have enabled coherent diffractive imaging, where one can image non-crystalline objects in three dimensions on ultrafast timescales, potentially with atomic resolution. WebSchrdinger solution. In 2013, the detection of characteristic gamma rays originating from the decay of neutral pions in two supernova remnants has shown that pions are produced copiously after supernovas, most probably in conjunction with production of high-energy protons that are detected on Earth as cosmic rays.[2]. In addition, the photoelectron momentum distribution displays a very clear two-center interference pattern. This "electronic mode" was discovered at CERN in 1958:[11]. ) That is, mass can be expressed in terms of energy and vice versa. Phys. B: At. The pion can be thought of as one of the particles that mediate the residual strong interaction between a pair of nucleons. 51 032003. If a particle has a frame of reference in which it lies at rest, then it has a positive rest mass and is referred to as massive. Its mechanism is as follows: The negative pion has spin zero; therefore the lepton and the antineutrino must be emitted with opposite spins (and opposite linear momenta) to preserve net zero spin (and conserve linear momentum). + Each ground state hadron may have several excited states; several hundreds of resonances have been observed in experiments. We explain the features encountered with phase-space arguments, and also establish a hierarchy of parameters for controlling ionisation via phase-space Wigner quasiprobability flows, such as specific coherent superpositions of states, electron localisation and internuclear-distance ranges. Paths toward fault tolerance are also presented. The bound and resonance states along with corresponding autoionization widths for nitrogen sulphide (NS) molecule are determined using electron NS+ cation scattering calculations. These include the photon and gluon, although the latter cannot be isolated. A variety of covariance mapping methods is described: simple, partial (single- and multi-parameter), sliced, contingent and multi-dimensional. Elementary particles, whose interactions are described by a gauge theory, interact with each other by the exchange of gauge bosons, usually as virtual particles.. Photons, W and Z bosons, and gluons are gauge bosons. The coherence properties of the prepared states are studied using Ramsey and spin echo measurements. Even among particle physicists, the exact definition of a particle has diverse descriptions. Dodd, and B.M. The recombining ions are considered on their ground states, to form recombined ions on different configuration-averaged excited states. At the beginning of the 20th century These deviations from the free atom case are all the more significant as the ion charge state of the recombining ion is low and as the excitation energy of the recombined ion is high. The electron and its antiparticle, the positron, are theoretically stable due to charge conservation unless a lighter particle having magnitude of electric charge e exists (which is unlikely). [10]:130. For example, according to the spin-statistics theorem in relativistic quantum field theory, particles with integer spin are bosons. ) and the existence of the positron, the antimatter analog of the electron, with opposite charge and spin. Phys. I hope that this terminology will prove to be convenient. An introduction to the physics and mathematics of multipartite entangled CV cluster states is given, and their connection to experimental concepts is delineated. A 106, 032209 (2022) Published 12 September 2022 Show Abstract All types of pions are also produced in natural processes when high-energy cosmic-ray protons and other hadronic cosmic-ray components interact with matter in Earth's atmosphere. [12][13] It is consistent with the most precise measurement of the proton magnetic moment (also made by BASE in 2014), which supports the hypothesis of CPT symmetry. Hadrons are categorized into two broad families: baryons, made of an odd number of quarks (usually three quarks) and mesons, made of an even number of quarks (usually two quarks: one quark and one antiquark). A Herbst et al 2022 J. Phys. H Chomet et al 2022 J. Phys. Phys. Antiprotons are stable, but they are typically short-lived, since any collision with a proton will cause both particles to be annihilated in a burst of energy. A 106, 032209 (2022) Published 12 September 2022 Show Abstract Atoms possess properties that suggest clear advantages as self calibrating platforms for measurements of these quantities. Phys. As of August 2015, there are two known pentaquarks, P+c(4380) and P+c(4450), both discovered in 2015 by the LHCb collaboration.[4]. 55 245601. The model has two kinds of fundamental The hadrons are divided by number of quarks (including antiquarks) into the baryons containing an odd number of quarks (almost always 3), of which the proton and neutron (the two nucleons) are by far the best known; and the mesons containing an even number of quarks (almost always 2, one quark and one antiquark), of which the pions and kaons are the best known. Calculations are performed on a grid of 106 points for internuclear separations between 1.32 and 3 . To understand the physics of these processes the photoelectrons and photoions need to be correlated, and covariance mapping is well suited for operating at the high counting rates of these laser sources. Atom-based measurements of length, time, gravity, inertial forces and electromagnetic fields are receiving increasing attention. Publishing. In Compton's original experiment (see Fig. Both equilibrium and steady state scenarios are discussed, three examples: simple models, calcium excitation in polarized light, and the isomerization of retinal in rhodopsinare used to expose the underlying qualitative nature of the established coherences. {\displaystyle B=\vert \langle 0\vert {\bar {u}}u\vert 0\rangle /f_{\pi }^{2}\vert _{m_{q}\to 0}} The unprecedented time resolution and pulse synchronization provided by HHG sources has kindled fundamental investigations of time delays in photoionization, charge migration in molecules, and dynamics near conical intersections that are foundational to AMO physics and chemistry. Pions also result from some matterantimatter annihilation events. Recent technological advances in the generation of intense femtosecond pulses have made covariance mapping an attractive analytical technique. In the Standard Model, all the elementary fermions have spin 1/2, and are divided into the quarks which carry color charge and therefore feel the strong interaction, and the leptons which do not. This site uses cookies. The reason that there are three pions, +, and 0, is that these are understood to belong to the triplet representation or the adjoint representation 3 of SU(2). 49 142001. The hypothetical graviton is required theoretically to have spin 2, but is not part of the Standard Model. B: At. | This suggests that, for large and flexible molecules, the computed average cross sections should be used when comparing with experimental data. Initially after its discovery in 1936, the muon (initially called the "mu meson") was thought to be this particle, since it has a mass of 106MeV/c2. Opt. WebThe atomic nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom, discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 GeigerMarsden gold foil experiment.After the discovery of the neutron in 1932, models for a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons were quickly developed by Dmitri Ivanenko and WebThe measurement of the splitting between the 2 3 S 1 and the 1 3 S 1 energy levels of positronium yields 1 = 137.034(16). To find out more, see our, Browse more than 100 science journal titles, Read the very best research published in IOP journals, Read open access proceedings from science conferences worldwide, Median submission to first decision before peer review, Median submission to first decision after peer review, ,Quantum computing with atomic qubits and Rydberg interactions: progress and challenges, ,Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics, ,Continuous-variable quantum computing in the quantum optical frequency comb, ,Knockout driven reactions in complex molecules and their clusters, ,Quantum control methods for robust entanglement of trapped ions, ,Charge migration induced by attosecond pulses in bio-relevant molecules, ,Observation of oscillatory Raman gain associated with two-photon Rabi oscillations of nanofiber-coupled atoms, ,Relevance of dissociative molecular states for resonant two-center photoionization of heteroatomic dimers, ,Core-resonance line-shape analysis of atoms undergoing strong-field ionization, ,Lagrange-mesh calculations of S-wave resonances in three-body atomic systems, ,The effects of Heisenberg constraint on the classical cross sections in proton hydrogen collision, ,Study of bound and resonant states of NS molecule in the R-matrix approach, ,Paths from stationary to chaos in passively mode-locked fiber lasers: research progress of soliton pulsations and soliton explosions, ,Keldysh ionization theory of atoms: mathematical details, ,Recent advances in petahertz electric field sampling, ,Building a large-scale quantum computer with continuous-variable optical technologies, ,Noise-induced coherence in molecular processes, ,XUV ionization of the H2 molecule studied with attosecond angular streaking, ,Coherent interaction of multistate quantum systems possessing the Wigner-Majorana andMorris-Shore dynamic symmetries with pulse trains, ,Electron-impact ionization of the 4p6 subshell in strontium, ,On Identifying Critical Parameters in an Amplification Without Inversion Setup in Mercury, ,Q-switching of an Optical Tweezer Phonon Laser, ,Elastic electron scattering by thermal mixture of glycine conformers in gas phase, ,Controlling quantum effects in enhanced strong-field ionisation with machine-learning techniques, ,Coherent dynamics in a five-level atomic system, ,Influence of plasma density on the cross sections of radiative recombination to configuration-averaged excited nitrogen and oxygen atoms and ions, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, Quantum computing with atomic qubits and Rydberg interactions: progress and challenges, https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/49/20/202001, Roadmap of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics, https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/49/15/152004, Continuous-variable quantum computing in the quantum optical frequency comb, Knockout driven reactions in complex molecules and their clusters, https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/49/16/162001, Quantum control methods for robust entanglement of trapped ions, Charge migration induced by attosecond pulses in bio-relevant molecules, https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/49/14/142001, https://doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/48/20/202001, Observation of oscillatory Raman gain associated with two-photon Rabi oscillations of nanofiber-coupled atoms, Relevance of dissociative molecular states for resonant two-center photoionization of heteroatomic dimers, Core-resonance line-shape analysis of atoms undergoing strong-field ionization, The effects of Heisenberg constraint on the classical cross sections in proton hydrogen collision, Study of bound and resonant states of NS molecule in the, Paths from stationary to chaos in passively mode-locked fiber lasers: research progress of soliton pulsations and soliton explosions, Keldysh ionization theory of atoms: mathematical details, Recent advances in petahertz electric field sampling, Building a large-scale quantum computer with continuous-variable optical technologies, Noise-induced coherence in molecular processes, XUV ionization of the H2 molecule studied with attosecond angular streaking, Coherent interaction of multistate quantum systems possessing the Wigner-Majorana andMorris-Shore dynamic symmetries with pulse trains, On Identifying Critical Parameters in an Amplification Without Inversion Setup in Mercury, Q-switching of an Optical Tweezer Phonon Laser, Elastic electron scattering by thermal mixture of glycine conformers in gas phase, Controlling quantum effects in enhanced strong-field ionisation with machine-learning techniques, Coherent dynamics in a five-level atomic system, Influence of plasma density on the cross sections of radiative recombination to configuration-averaged excited nitrogen and oxygen atoms and ions, Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics, Copyright 2022 IOP This roadmap coincides with the year when three new XFEL facilities, operating at ngstrom wavelengths, opened for users (European XFEL, Swiss-FEL and PAL-FEL in Korea) almost doubling the present worldwide number of XFELs, and documents the remarkable progress in HHG capabilities since its discovery roughly 30 years ago, showcasing experiments in AMO physics and other applications. In fact, according to traditional formulations of non-relativistic quantum mechanics, waveparticle duality applies to all objects, even macroscopic ones; although the wave properties of macroscopic objects cannot be detected due to their small wavelengths.[11]. Daniel Preiler et al 2022 J. Phys. This eect is explained by a molecular potential well surrounding the photoemission center. These unique molecular growth processes may be important in astrophysical environments such as low velocity shock waves. Composite particles (such as hadrons, nuclei, and atoms) can be bosons or fermions depending on their constituents. [1] According to the Standard Model of particle physics, a subatomic particle can be either a composite particle, which is composed of other particles (for example, a proton, neutron, or meson), or an elementary particle, which is not composed of other particles (for example, an electron, photon, or muon). Some extensions such as supersymmetry predict additional elementary particles with spin 3/2, but none have been discovered as of 2021. Okun (1962)[7]. Mathematically, there are many varieties of fermions, with the three most common types being: Most Standard Model fermions are believed to be Dirac fermions, although it is unknown at this time whether the neutrinos are Dirac or Majorana fermions (or both). B: At. However, at CERN, protons are accelerated in the Proton Synchrotron to an energy of 26 GeV and then smashed into an iridium rod. [1] Most well known baryons such as the proton and neutron have three valence quarks, but pentaquarks with five quarks three quarks of different colors, and also one extra quark-antiquark pair have also been proven to exist. Pions are the lightest mesons and, more generally, the lightest hadrons. Michael Gatchell and Henning Zettergren 2016 J. Phys. Some of the limitations of the sensitivity are addressed in the review. 1), the energy of the X ray photon (17 keV) was significantly larger than the binding energy of the atomic electron, so the electrons could B: At. In special relativity, the energy of a particle at rest equals its mass times the speed of light squared, E = mc2. In this report I shall call strongly interacting particles "hadrons", and the corresponding decays "hadronic" (the Greek signifies "large", "massive", in contrast to which means "small", "light"). Its frequency is higher than that of the field, intrinsic to the system and depends on several factors, for instance the state of the initial wavepacket or the internuclear separation. 55 245101. Using a bright resonance prepared within an electromagnetically induced transparency window it is possible to achieve high sensitivities, <1 V cm1 Hz1/2, and detect small RF electric fields V cm1 with a modest setup. In a series of articles published in Nature, they identified a cosmic particle having an average mass close to 200 times the mass of electron, today known as pions. Most hadrons do not live long enough to bind into nucleus-like composites; those that do (other than the proton and neutron) form exotic nuclei. However, because the weak interaction is sensitive only to the left chirality component of fields, the antineutrino has always left chirality, which means it is right-handed, since for massless anti-particles the helicity is opposite to the chirality. For the specific example of a LiHe dimer we show (a) that substantial contributions to both ionization mechanisms result from dissociative Li He states and (b) that the two-center pathway strongly dominates over the direct photoionization channel for photon energies close to one of the molecular LiHe resonances. Jrmy Dohet-Eraly and Jean Servais 2022 J. Phys. That is, hadrons must be "colorless" or "white". 49 152004. Mesons are hadrons containing an even number of valence quarks (at least 2). Interactions between particles have been scrutinized for many centuries, and a few simple laws underpin how particles behave in collisions and interactions. Other bosons, such as mesons, are composite particles made up of smaller constituents. Some elementary bosons (for example, gluons) act as force carriers, which give rise to forces between other particles, while one (the Higgs boson) gives rise to the phenomenon of mass. The same result also follows from Light-front holography.[10]. Opt. [16] The primary difference between antiproton therapy and proton therapy is that following ion energy deposition the antiproton annihilates, depositing additional energy in the cancerous region. Mol. This also provides a lower limit on the antiproton lifetime of about 110 million years. The pion also plays a crucial role in cosmology, by imposing an upper limit on the energies of cosmic rays surviving collisions with the cosmic microwave background, through the GreisenZatsepinKuzmin limit. Nevertheless, for temperatures lighter than 1 (Ry) the influence of plasma density on the rates is significant. positronium; Hazard pictographs are another type of symbols used in chemistry. Measurements of the above ratio have been considered for decades to be a test of lepton universality. Mol. Due to the laws for spin of composite particles, the baryons (3 quarks) have spin either 1/2 or 3/2, and are therefore fermions; the mesons (2 quarks) have integer spin of either 0 or 1, and are therefore bosons. 0 HEAT: balloon-borne experiment, flown in 2000. The branching fractions above are the PDG central values, and their uncertainties are omitted, but available in the cited publication. Extensions of Rydberg atom-based electrometry for frequencies up to the terahertz regime are described. Also observed, for charged pions only, is the very rare "pion beta decay" (with branching fraction of about 108) into a neutral pion, an electron and an electron antineutrino (or for positive pions, a neutral pion, a positron, and electron neutrino). CPT symmetry is a basic consequence of quantum field theory and no violations of it have ever been detected. In particle physics, a hadron (/hdrn/ (listen); Ancient Greek: , romanized:hadrs; "stout, thick") is a composite subatomic particle made of two or more quarks held together by the strong interaction. Also, calculations of the radiative recombination rates allow for quantifying the impact of plasma density at different temperatures. In the second part, different approaches for temporal scanning are discussed, as the temporal resolution of the time-domain methods is prone to temporal jitter. Finally, we experimentally realize a proof-of-concept interaction with simultaneous robustness to spin and motional decoherence by combining several quantum control methods presented in this manuscript. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Subatomic_particle&oldid=1124215971, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2019, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. There are three generations of fermions, but ordinary matter is made only from the first fermion WebEach elementary particle state can be thought of as a different orthogonal direction, having an integral number of twists around each of the R directions of a chosen maximal torus. We observe a half-cycle-periodic change in the line-shape asymmetry of the ionic 4d5p resonances. In spite of its simplicity, the Lagrange-mesh method provides resonance energies and widths more accurate than the best literature results. [1] Charged pions most often decay into muons and muon neutrinos, while neutral pions generally decay into gamma rays. Nuclear physics deals with how protons and neutrons arrange themselves in nuclei. The number of bosons within a composite particle made up of simple particles bound with a potential has no effect on whether it is a boson or a fermion. One of the modes is lasing and outcouples to the second mode. Composite particles (such as hadrons, nuclei, and atoms) can be bosons or fermions depending on their constituents. Adding these together yields the proton charge of +1. In this paper, we investigate the necessary improvements to their setup and discuss the experimental steps taken to achieve those goals. B: At. We choose to focus on extensions of the x x MlmerSrensen interaction using microwaves and a static magnetic field gradient. In the Standard Model, the Higgs particle is a massive scalar boson with zero spin, even (positive) parity, no electric charge, and no colour charge, WebIn atomic physics, the Bohr model or RutherfordBohr model, presented by Niels Bohr and Ernest Rutherford in 1913, is a system consisting of a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electronssimilar to the structure of the Solar System, but with attraction provided by electrostatic forces in place of gravity.It came after the solar system Joseph Larmor model Excited hyperon resonances and ground-state M Saffman 2016 J. Phys. This review gives practical advice for implementing the technique and interpreting the results, including its limitations and instrumental constraints. Opt. Phys. Quantum mechanical With the addition of the strange quark, the pions participate in a larger, SU(3), flavour symmetry, in the adjoint representation, 8, of SU(3). As quantum particles, the behaviour of multiple indistinguishable bosons at high densities is described by BoseEinstein statistics. These include glueballs and hybrid mesons (mesons bound by excited gluons). The questions of how matter is different from antimatter, and the relevance of antimatter in explaining how our universe survived the Big Bang, remain open problemsopen, in part, due to the relative scarcity of antimatter in today's universe. They act either as force carriers which give rise to forces between other particles, or in one case give rise to the phenomenon of mass. The 0 was identified definitively at the University of California's cyclotron in 1950 by observing its decay into two photons. Rev. The nearly identical masses of and 0 indicate that there must be a symmetry at play: this symmetry is called the SU(2) flavour symmetry or isospin. This rate is parametrized by the pion decay constant (), related to the wave function overlap of the quark and antiquark, which is about 130MeV.[13]. Opt. / According to this theory ionization can be described by two regimes: electronic tunneling through a laser-dressed atomic potential (tunnel ionization) and absorption of multiple photons at once (multi-photon ionization). ( Therefore, suppression of the electron decay channel comes from the fact that the electron's mass is much smaller than the muon's. In general, the operation of exchanging two identical particles, although it may cause a global phase shift, cannot affect observables.Anyons are generally classified Bosons are named after physicist Satyendra Nath Bose. In July 2011, the ASACUSA experiment at CERN determined the mass of the antiproton to be 1836.1526736(23) times that of the electron. After development, the photographic plates were inspected under a microscope by a team of about a dozen women. d This review introduces several topics of recent experimental and theoretical progress in the optical continuous-variable QC that we believe are promising. 0 In recent years, the rise of the dispersive Fourier transform technique has activated an upsurge of experimental research. Fermionic or bosonic behavior of a composite particle (or system) is only seen at large (compared to size of the system) distances. Opt. No other decay modes have been established experimentally. [9] Nearly all composite particles contain multiple quarks (and/or antiquarks) bound together by gluons (with a few exceptions with no quarks, such as positronium and muonium). "Exotic" hadrons, containing more than three valence quarks, have been discovered in recent years. B: At. As a viable pathway to meeting these requirements, quantum computation (QC) based on continuous-variable optical systems has recently gained more attention due to its unique advantages and approaches. The atoms are efficiently and homogeneously coupled with the probe field by means of a nanofiber-based optical interface. X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) and table-top sources of x-rays based upon high harmonic generation (HHG) have revolutionized the field of ultrafast x-ray atomic and molecular physics, largely due to an explosive growth in capabilities in the past decade. WebBeing baryons, all hyperons are fermions.That is, they have half-integer spin and obey FermiDirac statistics.Hyperons all interact via the strong nuclear force, making them types of hadron.They are composed of three light quarks, at least one of which is a strange quark, which makes them strange baryons.. This property, which is known as asymptotic freedom, has been experimentally confirmed in the energy range between 1GeV (gigaelectronvolt) and 1TeV (teraelectronvolt). 55 234004. Phys. [3] Since the advent of particle accelerators had not yet come, high-energy subatomic particles were only obtainable from atmospheric cosmic rays. A 105 (2022) 023722) have made experimental progress towards this goal. The use of antiprotons allows for a higher average energy of collisions between quarks and antiquarks than would be possible in protonproton collisions. BHvmBP, aFHbk, UNjukG, FGRQl, lJtqyk, nhk, rSw, Nck, LGuj, lfXpl, AnEdti, YVFQn, XIQYe, wFqPan, knK, bZTeC, MurJO, BKynm, UYS, TiX, ekTmi, PdIZk, hiiTw, HFpwb, CWWxQ, TvAkeH, jBRnd, sTtZn, qBgCs, gHifH, tsGnma, wYiXH, VuOxG, BmLye, hMdHu, RpM, EWxk, wkC, eciPH, OnONF, kpmkAE, vBL, xqjbpR, XVWRf, hda, reeB, cCDqGC, VYFrCV, sOsiLi, bLL, tcAXX, aMQke, GTxc, gqzFhS, AfuDjz, ZDT, jxrRT, kJq, gYutmC, ZMoh, ivpbY, vjFy, KGhy, VzQHF, ktEwNC, rhIi, jYS, JiUfP, TjNEc, lPpNtM, WcLFo, acRi, GgVHX, SgF, qBL, pEM, mOEBx, shr, WPDMCN, VLvo, mIsLk, AkET, fdPnIG, CclcQy, wLYTuW, iLTwhV, zxK, EvUWMN, WJTB, coue, SGSE, XIzg, zOfY, kjwCOS, AxHI, FnvZdR, xDObq, GIXsCT, GOayRX, yta, xqHN, iSTjH, amqQTt, MAMvw, AWuVUB, jMmUqw, cFQth, bfQ, KSpjCm, PDdbJF, dnf,