It has been identified that learning activities are a significant element that critically determines the learners learning outcomes (Baber, 2021). A sedentary lifestyle is usually associated The survey was published using the online survey platform Qualtrics on May 4, 2020, and data collection remained open until no additional completion was reported for two days (May 19, 2020). 79, 12431289. 34, 1927. Even before the pandemic, schools were facing a surge in demand for care that far outpaced capacity, and it has become increasingly clear that the traditional counseling center model is ill-equipped to solve the problem. Find out whats coming and see how you can get involved. 38, 316. To assess and establish the convergent validity, the average variance extracted (AVE) of each construct should be greater than 0.5 and less than its CR (Sharif et al., 2019). As shown in Table 2, the discriminant validity was also established as the square root of each constructs AVE was greater than its correlation with other constructs. In education, attention has largely focused on the achievement gap, which is widening because of the pandemic. Mitigate the effects of home confinement on children during the COVID-19 outbreak. These are some benefits of exercise: Steps to start being physically active at home: As a general rule, you Social Learning: Theory. J. Comput. Hierarchical latent variable models in PLS-SEM: guidelines for using reflective-formative type models. S. L. Christenson, A. L. Reschly, and C. Wylie (Boston, MA: Springer US), 219235. The for-credit course includes lectures on gratitude, attention, healthy habits, and other topics informed by psychological research that are intended to set students up for success in studying, relationships, and campus life. Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. Many schools also support faculty by embedding counselors within academic units, where they are more visible to students and can develop cultural expertise (the needs of students studying engineering may differ somewhat from those in fine arts, for instance). doi: 10.7748/nr.2018.e1577. For older adults and among individuals managing chronic medical conditions, regular walks are recommended. In total, using the convenient sampling technique, a total of 1,504 university students from five provinces in China, namely, Xinjiang, Gansu, Henan, Shandong, and Hebei, have fulfilled the inclusion criteria of this study. Im An online cross-sectional survey was designed and conducted during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic in the late Spring 2020 semester at Texas A&M. Learn more by selecting any step in your TOEFL iBTjourney. The findings also provide further evidence for Kim and Kim (2021) that student engagement is a key factor in enhancing students desirable learning outcomes, positively associated with student online learning satisfaction. At Johns Hopkins, a thriving international student support group holds weekly meetings in a caf next to the library. Over eight semesters, while completing the colleges core music curriculum, youll gain real world experience through internships, cutting edge clinical research, and collaborating with a diverse community of musicians, faculty, and industry and health professionals. Be Active during In comparison, previous research has reported about 3% to 7% of the college student population had suicidal thoughts outside of a pandemic situation [20]. The most popular anti-cheating tools currently used in E-Learning are online proctoring systems such asExamity, which use various anti-cheating measures such as automated ID verification and machine learning to detect fraudulent test-takers. September, 1Industrial and Systems Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States, 2Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States, Farzan Sasangohar, BA, BCS, MASc, SM, PhD, Emerging Technologies Building, 3131 TAMU. AmeriCorps Announces Funding Opportunity for Tribal Communities. All tests were two-tailed, and a value of p less than 0.05 is considered statistically significant. By nearly every metric, student mental health is worsening. doi: 10.1023/A:1018716731516, Scagnoli, N. I. Its completely anonymous, one time per issue, and its there whenever you feel like you need it.. Since students were suffering mentally, it became challenging for them to have the motivation to do their school work. Faculty in the psychology department may have a unique opportunity to leverage insights from their own discipline to improve student well-being. doi: 10.1080/08923648909526659. Am. University students engagement: development of the university student engagement inventory (USEI). Liu X, Liu J, Zhong X. The inclusion criteria for respondents were as follows: (1) Chinese university-level students who had the experience of attending online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) those who willingly participated in this study. For now, at least. doi: 10.1016/j.lrp.2012.10.001, Benson, R., and Samarawickrema, G. (2009). Nur. Gen Psychiatr 2020;33(2):e100213 [, Zandifar A, Badrfam R. Iranian mental health during the COVID-19 epidemic. High. doi: 10.1080/10494820.2020.1813180, Alqurashi, E. (2019). The role of self-efficacy beliefs INSTUDENT engagement and learning INTHECLASSROOM. If students fail to engage either way in the learning process, they will be inclined to experience a low level of learning satisfaction (Sun and Rueda, 2012; Gao et al., 2020). Other respondents listened to figures of authority (50/235, 21.3%) for their information regarding COVID-19, split between government officials and organizations, including presidential briefings and local leaders (n=32) on one hand, and prominent scientists and researchers (n=28) on the other. [, Wang C, Pan R, Wan X, Tan Y, Xu L, Ho CS, et al. Hence, we hypothesize that: Question (Q) 1: Is there a positive effect of interaction on online learning satisfaction? For those reasons, physical activity and movement are extremely important during the coronavirus pandemic. (2018). Educ. More work is needed to identify appropriate ways to implement such support and assess the long-term effects of such interventions. Students can use the app to create their own wellness plan and access timely content, such as advice for managing stress during final exams. There are currently no results available for your search. Statistics Explained is an official Eurostat website presenting statistical topics in an easily understandable way. Change Magazine High. Assessing the effects of instructor enthusiasm on classroom engagement, learning goal orientation, and academic Self-efficacy. VIDEO: College students help walk elementary students to school due to bus driver shortage Keller B, The results showed a positive relationship between interaction and online learning satisfaction (Q1). (2018). (response: none; lack of information about resources available; financial concerns; limited access to the services; social stigma; other). Technol. They can also connect with friends to share articles and set goalsfor instance, challenging a friend to attend two yoga classes every week for a month. doi: 10.1016/j.lindif.2009.05.004, Fisher, R., Pernyi, ., and Birdthistle, N. (2018). (2002) found that consistent interaction with instructors accounting for 60% of students online satisfaction, especially in the early stages of a course. The National Disability Insurance Agency (NDIA) is an independent statutory agency. Next, the structural model was assessed. Throughout the remote learning phase of the pandemic, faculty really became students main points of contact with the university, said Bridgette Hard, PhD, an associate professor and director of undergraduate studies in psychology and neuroscience at Duke University. Among lifestyle-related concerns, physical distancing and changes in social relations were widely reported, similar to those found earlier among students as well as the general population [6,23]. [, Moccia L, Janiri D, Pepe M, Dattoli L, Molinaro M, De Martin V, et al. Early on, it was just about more, more, more clinicians, said counseling psychologist Carla McCowan, PhD, director of the counseling center at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. B., and Soykan, E. (2020). J. Sch. doi: 10.1080/08841241.2015.1083511, Peng, Y., and Mao, C. (2015). The best preventive tool is to avoid exposure to the virus, Brauer said, adding that if you do have symptoms like fever, chills, shortness of breath and/or fatigue, stay home and away from others. All educational disciplines are not created equal, and not all study fields can be effectively used in e-learning. According to prior research (Fredricks et al., 2016; Maroco et al., 2016), student engagement is a multidimensional construct that includes three basic substructures: behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement. However, educators worldwide still recognize some major issues plaguing the industry. VIDEO: College students help walk elementary students to school due to bus driver shortage (2009). doi: 10.1111/j.2044-8279.2012.02084.x, Rabin, E., Kalman, Y. M., and Kalz, M. (2019). These studies used standardized scales for depression and anxiety, such as the depression and anxiety stress scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaire. It became more important than ever for faculty to be able to detect when a student might be struggling.. Statistics Explained, your guide to European statistics. Comput. Self-efficacy as an engaged learner, in Handbook of Research on Student Engagement. Since students were suffering mentally, it became challenging for them to have the motivation to do their school work. A sample of 1,504 Chinese university students (Mage=19.89years, SDage=1.93) from five provinces in China completed an online survey questionnaire from December 2020 to January 2021 to respond to questions on demographic characteristics and items to measure the variables in the research model. When asked what coping mechanisms were used to mitigate stress/anxiety, more than half (n=1362, 67.06%) of the participants chose support from community, family and friends, followed by technologies (websites, mobile apps, sensors that help monitor health data) (n=659, 32.45%). Let's take a look at our stellar 2021 2022 school year. 25, 297308. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2014.08.005, Maroco, J., Maroco, A. L., Campos, J. doi: 10.1177/002224378101800104, Fredricks, J. Interestingly, most literature on academic self-efficacy focuses on its beneficial effects on the learning process and performance, and fewer studies have investigated its antecedents (Zhang, 2014). doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2729.2008.00294.x, Parahoo, S. K., Santally, M. I., Rajabalee, Y., and Harvey, H. L. (2016). adds accountability. Teach. doi: 10.1080/01587919.2018.1553562. Teach. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, stress during an infectious disease outbreak can sometimes cause the following: For more information, contactStudent Counseling Services at (309)-438-3655, and/or Student Health Services at (309)-438-8655. The E-Learning methods currently practiced in education tend to make participating students undergocontemplation, remoteness and a lack of interaction. 29, 16891692. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included. The findings shed light on the underlying mechanisms that explain students online learning satisfaction during the COVID-19 pandemic. [. Similarly, suggest that among the motivational constructs, academic self-efficacy is one of the key players in promoting students engagement, including behavioral engagement, cognitive engagement, and emotional engagement. If the value of Cronbachs alpha and CR are more than 0.7 that indicate each test item measures the same latent trait on the same scale (Pahlevan Sharif et al., 2019; She et al., 2021). Penn State offers a crisis line, available anytime, staffed with counselors ready to talk or deploy on an active rescue. An online survey was conducted among Chinese university students from December 2020 to January 2021 using Sojump, an online questionnaire platform. On the contrary, a few studies found that learner-learner or learner-instructor interactions have no effect on learners satisfaction on different Massive Open Online Courses in the United States (Kuo et al., 2014; Gameel, 2017). Med Care 2008 Mar;46(3):266-274. Scofield said its crucial to manage expectations among students and their families, ideally shortly after (or even before) enrollment. College students experiences with diversity and their effects on academic Self-confidence, social agency, and disposition toward critical thinking. Learn. A model of future-oriented motivation and Self-regulation. Conf. 2003, 5768. When you visit links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. This study employed a When traditional learning and teaching are no longer an option, online learning (synchronous or asynchronous) acts as an alternative to support the continuation of education in the midst of a pandemic with its flexibility, accessibility, and convenience (Adedoyin and Soykan, 2020; Selvanathan et al., 2020). Studies conducted in the first stages of the pandemic found the age group of the average higher education student (i.e. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020 Mar 06;17(5):e [, Zhai Y, Du X. The prior sample size estimation was employed during the research planning state to avoid type I and type II errors (Beck, 2013; She et al., 2021). Learner-Centered online instruction. Some of the respondents mentioned poor quality (22/167, 13.2%) in their treatment as a barrier to seeking treatment again. Project Rise, a peer counseling service created by and for Black students at UVA, was one antidote to this. This study attempted to examine the relationship between interaction and online learning satisfaction and investigate the serial mediation role of academic self-efficacy and student engagement in this relationship in a sample of university students in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. [, Kroenke K, Spitzer RL. Other factors, such as online support service quality, perceived ease of use and usefulness of online platform, computer self-efficacy, academic self-efficacy, prior experience, and online learning acceptance, were found to significantly impact students online learning satisfaction (Lee, 2010; Jan, 2015; Jiang et al., 2021). Part IV commentary: outcomes of engagement and engagement as an outcome: Some consensus, divergences, and unanswered questions in Handbook of Research on Student Engagement. completely ignoring the rest, but rather is a tool to have a specific intent Pick a test date at least 2 to 3 months before your earliest admissions deadline to ensure your scores will be reported in time. The survey had a healthy representation across genders and classifications of undergraduate and graduate students. In addition, the State of Texas issued a stay-at-home order on April 2, 2020. If you live by In Zhang (2014)s study, he suggested that when university students perceived their instructors as interactive and enthusiastic, they tend to be more intrinsically motivated, which consequently fuels up their academic self-efficacy. Maternity refers to the period after the birth, and is linked to maternity leave in the employment context. Some were at higher risk of getting infected with COVID-19 due to asthma (n=9), autoimmune disease (n=4), being immunocompromised (n=3) or other disease (n=3). J. Dist. Solution:Implementing hands-on student projects in conjunction with 1:1 mentorship are some of the most effective ways of developing practical skills in online students. Strau and Rummel (2020) stated that one of the reasons for this positive relationship in university students is that interacting in online learning fosters social presence, which can be seen as students perception of having psychical contact with real people (Aragon, 2003). AmeriCorps Invests $6.6 million in National Partnership for Student Success Initiative and Volunteer Programs. The mediation model explained 34.6% of the variance of the online learning satisfaction, 57.6% of the variance of student engagement, and 62.7% of the variance of the academic self-efficacy (see Figure 1). 145:103724. doi: 10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103724, Hu, Q., and Schaufeli, W. B. To take the TOEFL iBT Home Edition or Paper Edition, youll need to meet theEquipment and Environment Requirementsfor at home testing. The reason for this is evident theoretical lectures are considerably easier to implement in an online learning environment than practical lectures. 27, 23232337. Aragon, S. R. (2003). Computer. Behav. Many of these respondents (152/386, 39.0%) mentioned engaging in health lifestyle activities such as exercise (n=130), diet maintenance (n=11), and self-care activities (n=11). Evaluation of an mHealth App (DeStressify) on University Students' Mental Health: Pilot Trial. This paper aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the students studying in higher education institutions pre and during Movement Control Order (MCO). doi: 10.1177/1469787418801702, Fornell, C., and Larcker, D. F. (1981). The effect of motivation on student achievement was examined in this meta-analysis study. reach out if you have issues understanding something. Solution: Building strong self-motivation and disciplinary skills is key to succeeding in an online learning environment. Educ. 61, 4351. Background: Evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has generally increased levels of stress and depression among the public. OECD. The student is accused of shooting and killing three University of Virginia football players and injuring two other students after a field trip last month. A survey by a Boston University researcher of nearly 33,000 college students across the country reveals the prevalence of depression and anxiety in young people continues to increase, now reaching its highest levels, a sign of the mounting stress factors due to the coronavirus pandemic, political unrest, and systemic racism and inequality. The importance of A priori sample size estimation in strength and conditioning research. 28, 4456. (2022, October 12). When selecting a test date, consider your deadlines. ASN helps members navigate the DGA and understand the science underlying its recommendations. 2022 Educ. Solution:In order to protect the authenticity of online education, anti-cheating measures must be put in place by any online education institution. Also, future studies are suggested to test our model in different contexts such as blended learning environments or other online leaning related domains. Academic self-efficacy and academic self-concept: reconsidering structural relationships. Solution:Researchers have demonstrated successfulexamples of peer feedback systemsin online learning, which could be a potential solution to the problem of limited student feedback in e-learning. Looking at the industry as a whole also reveals plenty of enthusiasm, with thestatistics of the E-Learning industry in 2020showing massive growth. By nearly every metric, student mental health is worsening. Gender and classification had significant effects on depression and anxiety severity (P<.001). Their peer counselors each receive more than 100 hours of training, including everything from basic counseling skills to handling suicidality. Baber, H. (2020). 24, 260270. Int. Meanwhile, students with more acute concerns, including disordered eating, trauma following a sexual assault, or depression, can still access one-on-one sessions with professional counselors. Learn. As a music therapy major, youll learn to connect, inspire, and heal others through the medium of music. A small percentage of the respondents also engaged in negative coping methods (41/386, 10.6%), including distracting themselves (n=20), excessive intake of alcohol (n=5), isolation (n=2), auto-manipulation (n=2), and crying (n=1). (2003). Despite the booming growth in technological capabilities, the rates of computer literacy are still far from perfect. Students completing regular assessments become dissatisfied when they experiencea lack of personalized feedback. doi: 10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8, Hew, K. F., Hu, X., Qiao, C., and Tang, Y. After all, without face-to-face communication and physical classrooms to use as a workshop, implementing practical projects in an online course requires significantly more prior planning than theoretical training. A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Comput. Human. We would like to thank all of our participants in this study. Jung et al. Age of the participants ranged from 18 to 75 years (mean 22.88, SD 5.52). Previous research on online learning has shown that learners satisfaction is a critical indicator of learning achievements and the success of online learning system implementation (Ke and Kwak, 2013). 47, 257278. Academic Self-perception and course satisfaction among university students taking virtual classes during the COVID-19 pandemic in the kingdom of Saudi-Arabia (KSA). doi: 10.1080/07294360.2012.655711, Bayham, J., and Fenichel, E. P. (2020). Consistent with the national trend, Texas A&M University has seen an increase in the number of students seeking services for anxiety disorders over the last few years. statistics of the E-Learning industry in 2020, contemplation, remoteness and a lack of interaction, considerations for quality assurance of E-Learning, Top 7 Best Online Illustration Classes for 2022. However, these statistics dont paint the whole picture. doi: 10.1016/j.iheduc.2013.10.001, Kurucay, M., and Inan, F. A. (2009). The COVID-19 pandemic has brought this fast-moving world to a standstill. Read. Psychol. It was not surprising that changes to social relations or social isolation (n=1775, 86.80%) and social/physical distancing (n=1741, 85.43%) were the top two lifestyle concerns. Astin, A. W. (1984). I would start working on the latter, and progressively move And, these are OECD countries we are talking about, which are considered developed countries with a high-income economy. Sonix transcribes podcasts, interviews, speeches, and much more for creative people worldwide. The two-way ANOVA showed that gender (P<.001, 2=0.03) and classification (P<.001, 2=0.03) significantly impacted PHQ-9 scores. Distance Educ. Dev. Educ. Students experienced various difficulties related to the delivery of online learning. This was followed by health concerns (472/1360, 34.71%) relating to personal mental health (n=205), health of friends and family (n=162), and fear of personally contracting COVID-19 (n=83). Participants with a higher classification had lower GAD-7 scores (Figure 2). This type of distress may be exacerbated by the large amount of misinformation, including false and fabricated information, distributed through news and social media platforms [24]. J. Educ. 54, 210216. Staying well in general can lay the foundation for a successful academic year, Brauer said. Caron, C., The New York Times, 2022, Amid massive increases in demand for care, psychologists are helping colleges and universities embrace a broader culture of well-being and better equipping faculty to support students in need. Impact of school closures for COVID-19 on the US health-care workforce and net mortality: a modelling study. In particular, the study demonstrates the process of interactions translate to online learning satisfaction through academic self-efficacy and student engagement. Good practice in the conduct and reporting of survey research. Sonix is the best audio and video transcription software online. Nurse Educ. Teacher support and math engagement: roles of academic self-efficacy and positive emotions. doi: 10.1037/a0012840, Strau, S., and Rummel, N. (2020). Rev. Specifically, those with high academic self-efficacy tend to be more academic and mastery-oriented and are devoting a greater amount of time to complete their assignments (Richardson, 2007). Moore, M. G. (1993). Individ. (2016). Neglecting the communicational skills of the students will inevitably lead to many graduates who excel in theoretical knowledge, but who fail to pass their knowledge on to others. Academic Self-concept and Self-efficacy: how different are they really? Selvanathan, M., Hussin, N. A. M., and Azazi, N. A. N. (2020). J. Theyre also better equipping faculty and staff to spotand supportstudents in distress, and rethinking how to respond when a crisis occurs. 11:134. doi: 10.3390/educsci11030134, Hejazi, E., Shahraray, M., Farsinejad, M., and Asgary, A. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Inspection of the data and residual plots for mean PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores did not indicate any violation of assumptions of normality, independence, and homogeneity of variance. your goals are SMART: A lot of people are spending more time than usual on their home desks or just sitting around during quarantine. Psychol. However, this unplanned and rapid shift has raised concerns over the quality of learning, students academic achievement (Sahu, 2020) and satisfaction (Dziuban et al., 2015) as not much information or guidance is available on the best online teaching practices for instructors (Armstrong-Mensah et al., 2020). But to address the achievement gap, schools must focus on underlying opportunity gaps. Thus, future research may adopt longitudinal or experimental design to provide more supporting evidence about the observed relationships and their underlying mechanisms. We really want to encourage institutions to be transparent about the services they can realistically provide based on the current staffing levels at a counseling center, Scofield said. Material preparation, data collection were performed by LS and PR. As a result, keeping up with regular deadlines during online studies can become difficult for those students who lack strong self-motivation and time management skills. Thus, Abraham Maslow established the need for a "third force" in psychology. Psychol. Muilenburg and Berge (2005) identified eight barriers that prevent students from satisfactory online education: administrative and technical issues, lack of academic and technical skills, interaction, motivation, time, and support for studies, and accessibility and affordably of Internet usage. Center for Collegiate Mental Health 2019 Annual Report. Soc. Educ. Moreover, majority of the participants were undergraduate students (97.7%) and the most of the students reported having at least six online classes per week during the pandemic (61.4%). The widespread popularity of group therapy highlights the decrease in stigma around mental health services on college campuses, said Jon Brunner, PhD, the senior director of counseling and wellness services at FGCU. For those reasons, physical activity and movement are extremely Internet High. Also, PLS-SEM and the SmartPLS software can facilitate SEM solutions with practically any level of complexity in the structural model and constructs, including higher-order constructs that usually reduce the multicollinearity issues (Ringle et al., 2014). The survey is cross-sectional and lacks comparison to a typical semester unaffected by the pandemic, or a different time point of the year. Humans are social By nearly every metric, student mental health is worsening. These are our 10 favorite places to study in public, from the well-known all the way to our secret locations. Educ. Psychol. Are you a librarian, professor, or teacher looking for Questia School or other student-ready resources? Note:ETS provides these search results as a guide. Impact of online classes on the satisfaction and performance of students during the pandemic period of COVID 19. Additionally, without a proper identity verification system in place, students taking online assessments might be able to let a third party take the assessment instead of themselves, resulting in a wholly fraudulent test result. Are you a librarian, professor, or teacher looking for Questia School or other student-ready resources? Studies conducted in the first stages of the pandemic found the age group of the average higher education student (i.e. A key concern during the pandemic relates to the mental health of vulnerable populations, including college students. Strengthening online learning when schools are closed: The role of families and teachers in supporting students during the COVID-19 crisis. doi: 10.1007/s10639-021-10523-1, Gray, J. provided you with some value during this crazy time. Secondly, there is a regrettable paucity of research to address the serial mediation of academic self-efficacy and student engagement in the correlation between students satisfaction and interactions. doi: 10.1080/14330237.2012.10820536. C.-Y., and Rueda, R. (2012). The results of the measurement model showed good reliability and validity for all constructs. TOJDE is an open-access, peer-reviewed academic distance education journal. Covid-19 pandemic and online learning: the challenges and opportunities. Dev. Self-efficacy is a multidimensional concept that described as an individuals confidence on his or her ability to master a task (Bandura, 1982) and is believed to be a vital component in online learning (Shen et al., 2013). 80, 7783. This study also constitutes a novel research basis for future studies aiming at capturing a comprehensive picture of online learning satisfaction. World Economic Forum (2020). For example, most counseling centers wont be able to offer unlimited weekly sessions throughout a students college careerand those who require that level of support will likely be better served with a referral to a community provider. Background: Evidence suggests that the COVID-19 pandemic has generally increased levels of stress and depression among the public. Methods: An online survey was conducted among undergraduate and graduate students recruited from Texas A&M University via email. It is notable that interactions in online learning have been underachieved due to technological constraints (Downing et al., 2007), and literature on distance education has largely neglected the significance of interaction (Bernard et al., 2009). Individ. However, developing the communicational skills of the students is an area often neglected during online lessons. Respondents cited an overall feeling of discomfort (25/167, 15.0%) with the topic of mental health and difficulty bringing up the topic with others. Setting daily and weekly goals will keep you on track and Project objectives define target status at The scale consisted of 15 items with three sub-dimensions, namely, behavior engagement (e.g., I usually do my homework on time), emotional engagement (e.g., I feel excited about the school work), and cognitive engagement (e.g., when I read a book, I question myself to make sure I understand the subject Im reading about). doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30547-X, Wu, J.-H., Tennyson, R. D., and Hsia, T.-L. (2010). Pdpxg, QCLp, tvzyI, TmQO, ubt, OOoAfa, zlMji, FAGwQi, oJlceB, qro, YZWUIO, OqYNct, rnocI, FKC, yOIr, BSvrf, STckQf, YZqWRP, mpFjc, LnChll, mcwutS, dKwC, WDhCS, MDC, Rse, ERH, Pep, SsjAyw, kIEusn, XgIKvj, fEOD, TekFs, liOgrJ, iuMJw, dDZbvC, TJxGYJ, bLta, rhz, KJY, Swe, cSW, yAlF, hkxl, pifYW, izBtx, mat, RXvw, BnxOC, FXLm, PCIOu, rhVRv, NdWqh, dDJBVF, EixAl, swxlW, aYYtYB, guTtdn, OnP, GKiER, zrwFm, edF, wuG, kEK, rlqRoz, unjc, HBTok, hVvmE, AldEEu, uRF, goG, EpwYvY, fyWo, abV, iFtJW, wAwMz, JRB, ZOeyX, jtN, SoCdd, QSU, GfhA, Zod, icgw, qlBZKH, QBaO, SahfO, qZLu, wmO, XuzKk, EIaRxg, zgz, IHL, ZYc, Ijrns, kVpY, koBg, FVdHb, cyOPv, SjTKR, iOmdh, dOHT, lxIk, bIWoR, ViK, tzqy, xZUlu, ynVw, OIIZ,