This part is going to be shorter than one might expect, for two reasons : one, we already wrote an article on the subject, and that covers most of what you need, second, when you type make menuconfig you will already have a minimalist configuration suited for your hardware, but that wont mean you arent encouraged to tweak more. The commands are (beware to use >> and NOT >): You will, of course, want networking to be available in your new environment, so you must copy DNS-related information : Finally, we will need to make the proc and dev filesystems available to the new system and were ready: We are assuming that you know what a chroot is and we insist on reading about the command youre about to type instead of typing it blindly. Use the --quiet flag for more succinct execution: Remove a package even if it is required by other packages, or is a vital system package: This may sometimes be useful to temporarily remove a hard block. The URI must always point to the directory in which the Packages file resides. splashimage is the file thatll make your GRUB screen look more pleasant, and of course you can download and use any splash image for GRUB your heart desires. To verify that the selected locales are now available, run locale -a. Instead, we will give you some pointers which will be useful to get your setup right. ~ppc64 Combines @FREE-SOFTWARE and @FREE-DOCUMENTS, Licenses that at least permit free redistribution of the software in binary form. PowerPC CPUs can operate in two modes: big-endian and little-endian. The Perhaps an example will be more appropriate in order to help you understand the power and importance of USE flags. But mplayer pulled some dependencies when it got installed, and we dont need them anymore. These files consist of two parts: See man xpak for a description of the format. That said, lets get ready and start installing Gentoo. Now that the new environment has been entered, it is necessary to mount the boot partition. Locales specify not only the language that the user should use to interact with the system, but also the rules for sorting strings, displaying dates and times, etc. I we assume that there exists an ebuild for x11-libs/bamf-0.5.0 in two or more overlays, you could select an particular overlay by appending ::
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Thats why its better to sit and think things through before writing the USE flags. -march=x86-64. This guide explains how to create them, install them, and how to setup a binary package server. ?arm In this, you are using a separate machine where packages are built and distributed in binary form. For instance, to create binary packages of all installed GCC versions: To create binary packages for the system set: To create binary packages of all installed packages on the system, use the * glob: When installing software using emerge, Portage can be asked to create binary packages by using --buildpkg (-b) option: It is also possible to ask Portage to only create a binary package but not to install the software on the live system. Instead of handing out links and books, well stick to saying this : read the Handbook, then read it again, then read the manual pages when needed, then use the links from the Handbook to go to other Gentoo tutorials and, most important, use Gentoo. Its time we do it now: Lets edit /etc/conf.d/hwclock in order to make sure we tell the system how is our hardware clock set. The latter option is preferred over setting the PORTAGE_BINHOST. Install genlopby issuing: You can gather more information on app-portage/genlopby reading its manual page: View the last 10 emerges (installs): View how long emerging LibreOffice took: Estimate ho There are many reasons why some system administrators like using binary packages for software installations on Gentoo: This guide will focus on the following topics: Near the end, a few more advanced topics on dealing with binary packages will be covered. The filesystems that need to be made available are: The /proc/ location will be mounted on /mnt/gentoo/proc/ whereas the others are bind-mounted. Now we must unpack the stage (make sure you are in /mnt/gentoo and you type the command exactly as shown): The tar flags are : x for extract, v for verbose, j to tell tar its a bzip2 archive, p to preserve permissions (very important!) Now lets make use of what we just created : A stage, in Gentoo terminology, is an archive that will give you a working base to go on from. This is useful to avoid re-installing all packages, if the binary package server had to be rebuild from scratch but --rebuilt-binaries is used otherwise. On slow terminals, like some framebuffers or serial consoles, it is recommended to use the --quiet option to speed up the process: When the Gentoo ebuild repository is synchronized, Portage may output informational messages similar to the following: News items were created to provide a communication medium to push critical messages to users via the Gentoo ebuild repository. The desktop version ?ia64 USE flags for processor specific instruction set features (like MMX, SSE, etc.) We told you earlier about emerge sync to update the Portage tree. Gentoo is mirrored in many locations, so we suggest You realized you installed something you dont really need. Otherwise in the new environment the symbolic link would point to a non-existing file (as the link's target is most likely not available inside the new environment). WebOverlays contain additional packages for your Gentoo system while the main repository contains all the software packages maintained by Gentoo developers, additional package trees are usually hosted by repositories. Processors prior to the Intel Pentium Pro or Pentium II require the i486 variant to be used. That being said, if youre curious, arent afraid of the command line and some compilation, if you want to have your system just the way you want it or you just want to be more 1337, this article is just what you need. On our Gentoo system, thats the only thing we added to CFLAGS, leaving the other existing options as they were. It is possible to use a specific compression type on binary packages. Installing a Gentoo ebuild repository snapshot from the web, Optional: Updating the Gentoo ebuild repository, Optional: Configure the ACCEPT_LICENSE variable, Optional: Using systemd as the init system, /usr/share/openpgp-keys/gentoo-release.asc, sync-openpgp-key-refresh-retry-overall-timeout, sync-openpgp-key-refresh-retry-delay-exp-base, sync-openpgp-key-refresh-retry-delay-mult, https://www.gnu.org/licenses/license-list.html, https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html, https://wiki.gentoo.org/index.php?title=Handbook:AMD64/Installation/Base&oldid=212418, GPL compatible licenses approved by the Free Software Foundation, Free software licenses approved by the FSF (includes @GPL-COMPATIBLE), Licenses approved by the Open Source Initiative, Misc licenses that are probably free software, i.e. Your articles will feature various GNU/Linux configuration tutorials and FLOSS technologies used in combination with GNU/Linux operating system. Next, reconfigure the sys-libs/timezone-data package, which will update the /etc/localtime file for us, based on the /etc/timezone entry. This page was last edited on 8 May 2019, at 07:26. sudo emerge --update --deep world. This command creates it : Now all we have to do, after checking /boot/grub/grub.conf and /etc/mtab, is to install GRUB : Using /dev/sda (without a partition number, like sda2) will tell grub to install itself in the MBR of the first disk. Package updates can be safely ignored for now; updates can be delayed until after the Gentoo installation has finished. By default, Portage will only verify GPG signatures when a signature file is found in a package, which allows the user to mix signed and unsigned GPKG binary packages from different sources, and allows to use of old XPAK format binary packages. Make sure /etc/portage/gnupg/trustdb.gpg is global readable, portage will drop root privileges when verifying binary packages. A second important step in selecting mirrors is to configure the Gentoo ebuild repository via the /etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf file. A full listing of available locales can be found in the /usr/share/i18n/SUPPORTED file. Review man make.conf and search for BINPKG_COMPRESS for the most up-to-date information. In the past, there were three stages supported : stage 1, stage 2 and stage 3 (see link). I wanted to actually use the system, so Pop is back on it, and now Gentoo lives in a couple of VMs across my laptop and desktop so I can tinker and play. A common approach for distributing binary packages is to create a web-based binary package host. While the core system packages within the stage files work fine in the main gentoo repository, The default USE settings are placed in the make.defaults files of the Gentoo profile used by the system. In this case, eselect is asked to use its news module. For example, to compile code which is compatible with ivybridge and up but is tuned to run best on skylake set CFLAGS to -march=ivybridge -mtune=skylake. When changing -march to a lower subset for using binary packages on a client, a full recompilation is required to make sure that all binaries are compatible with the client's processor, to save time packages that are not compiled with e.g. That said, lets get ready and start installing Gentoo. To manage them, use eselect news. x86 For instance, GMT-8 is in fact GMT+8. The installation CD can be ~x86 The general syntax is, default refers to the default runlevel, as per /etc/inittab. If you have a 64-bit Intel Pentium/Core/Xeon processor, you need to use the amd64 architecture. Gentoo is all about customization and choice. Install /sbin/installkernel script (for Linux). Using, As you have seen earlier, emerge $package is the way to go for installation. The ebuild repository contains a complete collection of scripts that are used by Portage to create and Use To view the list of packages in the world set, along with their available versions, it is possible to use eix: To keep color in the output, use the --color switch: In the following examples the www-client/firefox package will be used, but users should replace it with the package they want to install. The files name stands for FileSystem TABle and it lists filesystems to mount automatically at boot, their mount points and options. On our system, we did. To accomplish this, make sure that the root user's SSH key is allowed on the server. Readers who have no network or bandwidth restrictions can happily skip down to the next section. What Gentoo is not : it certainly isnt for everyone. WebGo to: Gentoo Home Documentation Forums Lists Bugs Planet Store Wiki Get Gentoo! Its a crucial file on any Linux/Unix system, so we recommend extra care when editing it. musl-specific fixes for additional packages can be found in the musl overlay. With cfdisk, its a shorter story since you get a nice curses-based menu with the partitions in the upper side and the commands you can use in the lower side. sudo emerge --sync. It functions as the heart of Gentoo-based operating systems, providing advanced dependency Create a user, install sudo and your editor of choice and add your user to sudoers group: You now have a very basic system installed, so the first thing you do is install some software. Note that the package.license directory will need created if it does not already exist: The license groups defined in the Gentoo repository, managed by the Gentoo Licenses project, are: The remainder of the Gentoo Handbook focuses on OpenRC (the traditional Gentoo init system) as the default init system. ?hppa Here theres an advantage and a disadvantage : if you use Gentoo on an older machine, it will take longer (days, maybe) to have it up and running just the way you want it. Precompiled binaries are available for some larger packages In order to print the current system wide value run: Optionally override the system wide accepted default in the profiles by changing /etc/portage/make.conf. After viewing the available profiles for the amd64 architecture, users can select a different profile for the system: In order to select a pure 64-bit environment, with no 32-bit applications or libraries, use a no-multilib profile: At this point, it is wise to update the system's @world set so that a base can be established. We will explain more later about Portage in greater detail, but for now, the idea is as follows : the Portage archive youre about to download and extract is mostly everything you will need to install software on a Gentoo system. 4. Some programs can even be compiled with framebuffer support (svgalib) instead of X11 support (X-server). In order to download source code quickly it is recommended to select a fast mirror. ~arm64 When -mtune is not set it defaults to whatever -march is set to. As an example we show a USE setting for a KDE-based system with DVD, ALSA, and CD recording support: When a USE value is defined in /etc/portage/make.conf it is added to the system's USE flag list. There are some system tools you find installed on every normal Linux installation and take for granted, but remember? This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 13:43. ?ia64 Using crossdev with the following command can build a toolchain for the desired system: For the rest of this section, the example target will be for a Raspberry Pi 4: After this has built, a toolchain will have been created in /usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu, and will look like a bare bones Gentoo install where it is possible to edit Portage settings as normal. First, if it does not exist, create the repos.conf directory: Next, copy the Gentoo repository configuration file provided by Portage to the (newly created) repos.conf directory: Take a peek with a text editor or by using the cat command. Now based on Fedora. ?sparc, ~amd64 Again, there are split opinions about this approach, so we will let you decide. So, in order to uninstall mplayer and install vlc, one would do. So, as per our previous articles indications, just type. the first machine i ever installed Gentoo on was a 400Mhz celeron with 128mb of ram so i'd say anything is worth putting Gentoo on. The initial install might take a while depending on how much cruft you pull in. Otherwise either do updates in the background with nice turned up or at night when you're sleeping. You won't even notice it. ~ppc64 This is because system packages installed through the stage file might have newer versions available; Portage is now aware of new packages because of the repository snapshot. Why? Please see the Gentoo Handbook The following command will remove all binary packages that have no corresponding ebuild in the installed ebuild repositories: For more details please read the Eclean article. Use BuildPKG. ~arm The RPM package format is used, but the package manager itself is independent from Fedora and Red Hat. Installing Gentoo Linux. There are lots of options to use when installing, but we will only deal with pretend, which only shows you what would be installed, but does not go through the actual installation. Implementing buildpkg as a Portage feature, Verify binary package's OpenGPG signature, Pulling packages from a binary package host, Creating snapshots of the packages directory, # add this to the end of the standard configuration, "ssh://binpkguser@binhostserver/var/cache/binpkgs", %echo Generating Portage local OpenPGP trust key, /usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/etc/portage/make.conf, "-collision-protect sandbox buildpkg noman noinfo nodoc", # Ensure pkgs from another repository are not overwritten, /usr/aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu/cache/binpkgs, /usr/lib64/portage/python2.7/binhost-snapshot, /usr/lib64/portage/python3.3/binhost-snapshot, https://wiki.gentoo.org/index.php?title=Binary_package_guide&oldid=1172313, Pages using duplicate arguments in template calls, Tries to use the binary package(s) in the locally available. If not, use ifconfig first to see if your Ethernet card is present: You should see eth0 (or eth1, eth2, depending on how many NICs you have) listed. ?riscv ?hppa and got the portage-latest.tar.bz2 file, then unpacked it (we are still in /mnt/gentoo, of course, but we will use absolute paths just to be sure) : Now, after all this setting up and unpacking, its time we start configuring the system to fit our hardware. If you ask around about Gentoo, chances are you will get mixed reviews : some will say its a waste of time, others will say its only for ubergeeks, yet others will tell you its the only way, but no one can deny the power that Gentoo offers in terms of choices and speed. The complete list of possible USE flags are to be found at /usr/portage/profiles/use.desc . However, -mno-rdrnd is included as the client does not support -mrdrnd. for the complete installation documentation. It contains instructions equivalent to the instructions in the following sections of this Handbook. We are not going to walk you through every step necessary to partition your disk. It is possible to surf to the Gentoo mirror list and search for a mirror (or mirrors) that is close to the system's physical location (as those are most frequently the fastest ones). WebPortage is the official package manager and distribution system for Gentoo. ?arm You can obtain it by issuing this command: Tell which installed package provides a command using equery: Tell which (not) installed package provides a command using e-file: Tell which packages depend on a specific package (cat/pkg in the example) using equery: Get information about a package using eix: Sometimes it's necessary to rebuild some packages for them to work properly. This will need to happen for each machine that will connect to the SSH capable binary host: The PORTAGE_BINHOST variable could then look like so: When using binary packages on an internal network, it might be easier to export the packages through NFS and mount it on the clients. But first, lets go back to the reboot gracefully part : We dont recommend issuing commands as root except when its needed, since thats an invitation to disaster. ~alpha The slackpkg repositories are limited to Slackware core packages. This trick also works in conjunction with eix. Download the binary package(s) from a remote binary package host. Browse through the file and make sure you set USE flags appropriate for the purpose. The first flag is obvious. sync-uri must point to the directory in which the Packages file resides. However, keep in mind that you will compile some big pieces of software like the kernel, which take some time. The use of emerge-webrsync is recommended for those who are behind restrictive firewalls (it uses HTTP/FTP protocols for downloading the snapshot) and saves network bandwidth. have to be carefully selected; all clients need to support them. That happens because overlays do not contain metadata caches. 26: 27 (6) updates .travis.yml to run tests using setup.py, and also try: 28: installing and re-running tests after install. Please modify it to a key trusted by the user. WebInstalling a Gentoo ebuild repository snapshot from the web. If you spot that the commands for the package manager of your favourite distribution are incorrect, feel free to add them or fix them in this page. One intermediary step between source code and the executable is the creation of object files which are then linked into the final result. The easiest way to check the currently active USE settings is to run emerge --info and select the line that starts with USE: A full description on the available USE flags can be found on the system in /var/db/repos/gentoo/profiles/use.desc. Most users will want to use only one or two locales on their system. The compression format can be specified via make.conf. net-misc/asterisk-extra-sounds: Install the sounds files for the alaw codec. Instead, follow the normal procedures for installing binary packages, remembering to point PKGDIR to the NFS share so that portage knows where to find the packages: For binary packages to be usable on other systems they must fulfill some requirements: The app-misc/resolve-march-native utility can be used to find a subset of CFLAGS that is supported by both the server and client(s). It causes emerge not to consider binary packages for a re-install if those binary packages have been built before the given time stamp. When deploying binary packages for a large number of client systems it might become worthwhile to create snapshots of the packages directory. ?arm If you look at the lines scrolling on your screen while unpacking, you will notice that stage 3 is nothing else but a skeleton of a working systems directory structure. It may be preferable to configure portage to update the cache automatically. Updates the local copy of the portage tree, so that your local system can download and install the latest version of the software. This is a reference card of useful commands and tips for administrating Gentoo systems. We are still actively working on the spam issue. A GPG key management tool for portage is in the plan, but for now, users have to manage it manually. On systemd installs, localectl can be used, e.g. QEMU vs KVM hypervisor: Whats the difference? Before we continue installing Gentoo, it is important to note that this process is entirely manual, which means a lot of commands will The default value is xpak. The binary package signing feature is disabled by default, to use it users need to enable the binpkg-signing feature. Gentoo is a powerful and extensible Linux distribution. ~hppa As a consequence of this, it often becomes necessary to run: Use --changed-use in place of --newuse to avoid rebuilds when the only changes are USE flags added to or dropped from the repository. Portage will look in the make.conf file for the GENTOO_MIRRORS variable and use the mirrors listed therein. Two of the reasons is the fact that Gentoo makes my computer fun to use (again) and that their friendly and helpful community always brings a smile to my face. I also like the atmosphere around Gentoo, its laid back and fairly.. meta. So well have to install a syslogger and a cron daemon. In order to have a filesystem on our newly created partitions, we must run mkfs.$type $partition or mkswap $partition for swap. WebGentoo lists the latest available and installed version of a package when you do a standard search: emerge search package. The PORTAGE_BINHOST variable uses a space-separated list of URIs. Use modprobe to insert the correct module, as we presume you know your hadware, as specified below: This is just an example for a nForce Ethernet card. How can I perform such update using Install /sbin/installkernel script (for Linux). The /etc/localtime file is used by the system C library to know the timezone the system is in. There is, however, no "out-of-the-box" method provided by Portage for distributing binary packages. It is one of the most important commands on Gentoo. For the news module, three operations are most used: More information about the news reader is available through its manual page: A profile is a building block for any Gentoo system. arm There are a few options that can be passed on to the emerge command that inform Portage about using binary packages: In order to automatically use binary package installations, the appropriate option can be added to the EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS variable: There is a Portage feature that automatically implements the equivalent of --getbinpkg (-g) without the need for updating the EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS variable with the --getbinpkg value: This feature is only available in GPKG format. This should be run regularly to avoid falling behind on a So, -march stands for machine architecture and tells gcc to optimize the code it generates for that particular CPU type. Snapshots can be created using the /usr/lib64/portage/python2.7/binhost-snapshot or /usr/lib64/portage/python3.3/binhost-snapshot tool. 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