Description : In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it: possesses due to its motion.It is defined as the work needed to accelerate a body of a: given mass from rest to its stated velocity.Having gained this energy during its: acceleration, the body . Energy - Energy is the capacity to do work. Wnet = 1 2mv2 1 2mv2 0. After you know how work relates to kinetic energy, youre ready to take a look at how kinetic energy relates to the speed and mass of the object.
\nThe equation to find kinetic energy, KE, is the following, where m is mass and v is velocity:
\n![\"image0.png\"/](\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/331478.image0.png\")
\nUsing a little math, you can show that work is also equal to (1/2)mv2. Can a prospective pilot be negated their certification because of too big/small hands? The total kinetic energy of an object depends on several factors, such as the amount of work done on an object and its acceleration after a moment of inertia from external forces. }[/latex] If not, what is the correct expression? Solving for a gives you
\n![\"image3.png\"/](\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/331481.image3.png\")
\nIf you plug this value of a into the equation for work, W = mas, you get the following:
\n![\"image4.png\"/](\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/331482.image4.png\")
\nIf the initial velocity is zero, you get
\n![\"image5.png\"/](\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/331483.image5.png\")
\nThis is the work that you put into accelerating the model plane that is, into the planes motion and that work becomes the planes kinetic energy, KE:
\n![\"image6.png\"/](\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/331484.image6.png\")
\nThis is just the work-energy theorem stated as an equation.
\nYou normally use the kinetic energy equation to find the kinetic energy of an object when you know its mass and velocity. An object is made up of many small point particles. A 10-kg object accelerated from 5 m/s to 10 m/s. Naturally, the kinetic energy of an object at rest should be zero. You will need to look up the definition of a nautical mile to use in converting the unit for speed, where 1 knot equals 1 nautical mile per hour. A 5000-kg car accelerated from rest to 20 m/s. Kinetic energy (KE) is the energy of a body in motion, which means it's essentially the energy of all moving objects. It doesn't. is the definition of kinetic energy of a particle with mass m and speed v regardless of what forces are applied to it. Like work and potential energy, the standard metric unit of measurement for kinetic energy is the Joule. How does legislative oversight work in Switzerland when there is technically no "opposition" in parliament? If we denote the car frame by C, the track frame by T, and the person by P, the relative velocities in part (b) are related by [latex]{\mathbf{\overset{\to }{v}}}_{\text{PT}}={\mathbf{\overset{\to }{v}}}_{\text{PC}}+{\mathbf{\overset{\to }{v}}}_{\text{CT}}. The KE calculator can also be used to solve for any of the other values: mass and velocity. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. Because velocity is a relative quantity, you can see that the value of kinetic energy must depend on your frame of reference. acceleration: How quickly an object speeds up, slows down or changes . vo = initial speed (m/s). When you start pushing or pulling a stationary object with a constant force, it starts to move","noIndex":0,"noFollow":0},"content":"
You can use physics to calculate the kinetic energy of an object. }[/latex], [latex]K=\frac{1}{2}(75.0\,\text{kg})(1.50\,{\text{m/s})}^{2}=84.4\,\text{J}\text{. Translational, rotational, and vibrational are all types of kinetic energy. where PE is potential energy, m is mass, g is the acceleration of gravity, and h is the height. Here is the equation for calculating kinetic energy (KE): KE = 1/2 * m * v2 where m = mass and v = velocity How to Measure Kinetic Energy }[/latex], [latex]\frac{1}{2}(0.624\,\text{kg}){(7.5\,\text{m/s})}^{2}=17.6\,\text{J}\text{. Calculate the ratio of the speeds of these bodies. Since kinetic energy is a form of energy, its SI unit is the same as that of energy, which is Joule. The kinetic energy of a particle is one-half the product of the particle's mass m and the square of its speed v: K = 1 2mv2. If work, which transfers energy, is done on an object by applying a net force, the object speeds up and thereby gains kinetic energy. This means that kinetic energy cannot be completely described in terms of the direction of the energy but can only be completely described in terms of its magnitude. (c) In nuclear reactors, thermal neutrons, traveling at about 2.2 km/s, play an important role. One of the interesting things about kinetic energy is that it increases with the velocity squared. We can calculate the kinetic energy required to go from 0 mph to 20 mph by calculating the KE at 20 mph and then subtracting the KE at 0 mph from that number. At speeds comparable to the speed of light, the special theory of relativity requires a different expression for the kinetic energy of a particle, as discussed in Relativity in the third volume of this text. They orbit around a planet with M = 4.20 E + 24 kg. . Kinetic energy is a property of a moving object or particle and depends not only on its motion but also on its mass. The kinetic energy of a particle is the product of one-half its mass and the square of its speed, for non-relativistic speeds. }[/latex], a. He has authored Dummies titles including Physics For Dummies and Physics Essentials For Dummies. Dr. Holzner received his PhD at Cornell.
","authors":[{"authorId":8967,"name":"Steven Holzner","slug":"steven-holzner","description":"Dr. Steven Holzner has written more than 40 books about physics and programming. An 8.0-g bullet has a speed of 800 m/s. The change in velocity means that there is a change in the kinetic energy of the object. The second particle is moving with speed v and the first with speed 2v. The work done on an object is the change in kinetic energy. Expression for kinetic energy Consider an object of mass 'm' which is moving with an initial velocity 'u' on a perfectly frictionless surface. 7.2 Kinetic Energy Copyright 2016 by OpenStax. Say, for example, that you apply a force to a model airplane in order to get it flying and that the plane is accelerating. The kinetic energy of an electron in the first excited state is. Compare the kinetic energy of a 20,000-kg truck moving at 110 km/h with that of an 80.0-kg astronaut in orbit moving at 27,500 km/h. He was also the first to use the word energy with its current meaning in a lecture on collisions given before the Royal Institution. moving things have energy we call this the kinetic energy but the question is how much kinetic energy does a moving thing have for example if we knew the mass of this ball let's say it was 2 kilogram and let's say it was coming in and coming in at 10 meters per second how much kinetic energy does it have and what would that number mean that is what we want to try and find out in this video now . Kinetic energy is the energy associated with the motion of the objects. Energy Storage Density - Energy density - by weight and volume - for some ways to store energy; Formulas of Motion - Linear and Circular - Linear and angular (rotation) acceleration, velocity, speed and distance. Any object in motion is using kinetic energy: a person walking, a thrown baseball, a crumb falling from a table, and a charged particle in an electric field are all examples of kinetic energy at work. 6 1 0 1 9 coulomb. Let's think of the case of an object with a mass of 150 kg moving at a velocity of 5 m/s. In chemistry, the force that . Then, where m is the mass of the roller coaster, and g is the acceleration due to gravity, which equals 9.8 m/s 2 on earth's surface. For example: Thus, to understand the total kinetic energy possessed by a body, first ponder upon the kinetic energy of a single particle. To calculate the force of impact, divide kinetic energy by distance. The term energy may be applied, with great propriety, to the product of the mass or weight of a body, into the square of the number expressing its velocity. Was the ZX Spectrum used for number crunching? The kinetic energy is converted into gravitational energy and the person feels weightless while accelerating down towards the ground. Learn what kinetic energy means and how it relates to work. It can also be used to calculate the energy of different kinds of projectiles. $$. (b) A car and a truck are each moving with the same speed. The only thing is- the kinetic energy is changing in time, $$K(t) = \frac{1}{2} m \,\left(\int_{0}^t a(t) \, dt\right)^2 $$, $$K = \frac{1}{2} m \left (v_0 + a_0 t \right)^2. The kinetic energy depends on the speed of an object and is the ability of a moving object to do work on other objects when it collides with them. Here m stands for mass, the measure of how much matter is in an object, and v stands for velocity of the object, or the rate at which the object changes its position. Kinetic energy is defined as the energy that is produced by an object due to its motion. The energy possessed by an object by virtue of its motion is called as kinetic energy. Taking into account the definition of kinetic energy and work, yo get: The original kinetic energy is 0 J.; The final kinetic energy is 7500 J.; The work used is 7500 J.; Kinetic energy is a form of energy. Deriving Kinetic Energy Equation Kinetic energy equation can be obtained by the basic process of computing the work (W) that is done by a force (F). Take the the appropriate equation from kinematics and rearrange it a bit. 2.2 Coordinate Systems and Components of a Vector, 3.1 Position, Displacement, and Average Velocity, 3.3 Average and Instantaneous Acceleration, 3.6 Finding Velocity and Displacement from Acceleration, 4.5 Relative Motion in One and Two Dimensions, 8.2 Conservative and Non-Conservative Forces, 8.4 Potential Energy Diagrams and Stability, 10.2 Rotation with Constant Angular Acceleration, 10.3 Relating Angular and Translational Quantities, 10.4 Moment of Inertia and Rotational Kinetic Energy, 10.8 Work and Power for Rotational Motion, 13.1 Newtons Law of Universal Gravitation, 13.3 Gravitational Potential Energy and Total Energy, 15.3 Comparing Simple Harmonic Motion and Circular Motion, 17.4 Normal Modes of a Standing Sound Wave, 1.4 Heat Transfer, Specific Heat, and Calorimetry, 2.3 Heat Capacity and Equipartition of Energy, 4.1 Reversible and Irreversible Processes, 4.4 Statements of the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Why does my stock Samsung Galaxy phone/tablet lack some features compared to other Samsung Galaxy models? 1 Joule = 1 kg m2/s2. In FSX's Learning Center, PP, Lesson 4 (Taught by Rod Machado), how does Rod calculate the figures, "24" and "48" seconds in the Downwind Leg section? The formula for KE is: where m is the mass and v is the velocity. Email. Whats the bullets kinetic energy? It only takes a minute to sign up. Find the kinetic energy of an object, given its mass and velocity. There are about [latex]3\times {10}^{23}[/latex] molecules inside it, moving in random directions, when the ball is properly inflated. In this example, we used the way mass and speed are related to kinetic energy, and we encountered a very wide range of values for the kinetic energies. Books that explain fundamental chess concepts. (a) A player lobs a mid-court pass with a 624-g basketball, which covers 15 m in 2 s. What is the basketballs horizontal translational kinetic energy while in flight? The idea behind this quantity was related to the forces acting on a body and was referred to as the energy of motion. Later on, during the eighteenth century, the name kinetic energy was given to energy of motion. Any particle with mass m and speed v, has the kinetic energy . }[/latex] Therefore, the two possible values for kinetic energy relative to the car are. }[/latex] The thermal neutron in part (c) has a kinetic energy of about one fortieth of an electron-volt. When a force is applied to an object, that object's momentum changes as well as (sometimes, as explained below) its kinetic energy. What is the kinetic energy of such a particle? Work and kinetic energy - problems and solutions. Work done on an object transfers energy to the object. Part (b) reminds us that this kind of kinetic energy can be called internal or thermal kinetic energy. If this force is a net force that accelerates the object (according to Newtons second law), then the velocity changes due to the acceleration. This means that if a car is going twice as fast, it has four times the energy. The kinetic energy associated with random molecular motion may be called thermal energy. Kinetic energy before impact = potential energy above the pile. [/latex], [latex]K=\frac{1}{2}m{(\frac{p}{m})}^{2}=\frac{{p}^{2}}{2m}[/latex], [latex]K=\frac{1}{2}(75.0\,\text{kg})(13.5\,{\text{m/s})}^{2}=6.83\,\text{kJ}[/latex], [latex]K=\frac{1}{2}(75.0\,\text{kg})(16.5\,{\text{m/s})}^{2}=10.2\,\text{kJ}\text{. By clicking Post Your Answer, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. Kinetic energy is a simple concept with a simple equation that is simple to derive. Say, for example, that youre at a firing range and you fire a 10-gram bullet with a velocity of 600 meters/second at a target. The kinetic energy is then dependent on time: $$E_\mathrm{kin}=\frac{m}{2}(a_0t+v_0)^2$$. (If you have ever played billiards or croquet, or seen a model of Newtons Cradle, you have observed this type of collision.) With this history in mind, we can now state the classical definition of kinetic energy. $$, Help us identify new roles for community members, Internal kinetic energy and center of mass kinetic energy, Springs, elastic potential energy, kinetic energy, Relation and difference between work and kinetic energy. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? Different units are commonly used for such very large and very small values. How to make voltage plus/minus signs bolder? The derivation of kinetic energy using calculus is given below. The quantity. Kinetic energy is greatest at the lowest point of a roller coaster and least at the highest point. What properties should my fictional HEAT rounds have to punch through heavy armor and ERA? When the acceleration of the animal movement changes, the kinetic energy is converted into the pendulum's swing due to inertia. Then increasing the kinetic energy implies increasing the velocity and hence now you need some more centripetal force to maintain the same radius. After you know how work relates to kinetic energy, youre ready to take a look at how kinetic energy relates to the speed and mass of the object. For a bit on context, Newton's second law tells us that an acceleration must be caused by a resultant force $F = ma$, when a force moves something a distance we have work $W = Fd$, this work is equivalent to the increase in energy of the moving object, not all of it is converted to kinetic energy, there may be heat, sound, gravitational potential etc. This value equals the magnitude of its velocity vector at the desired moment at which the kinetic energy will be determined. The kinetic energy of a body moving with a certain velocity is equal to the work done on it to acquire that velocity. How does the Chameleon's Arcane/Divine focus interact with magic item crafting? We define it as the work needed to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to its stated velocity. Finally, in part (c), we can substitute the amount of kinetic energy in part (b), and the mass of the basketball in part (a), into the definition [latex]K=\frac{1}{2}m{v}^{2}[/latex], and solve for v. and the total kinetic energy of all the molecules is. You can generally choose a frame of reference that is suited to the purpose of your analysis and that simplifies your calculations. It is defined as the energy associated with bodies that are in motion and this energy depends on the mass and speed of the body.. To derive an expression for kinetic energy using calculus, we will not need to assume anything about the acceleration. Say, for example, that you apply a force to a model airplane in order to get it flying and that the plane is accelerating. 22 km/s and releasing [latex]4.2\times {10}^{23}\,\text{J}[/latex] of kinetic energy upon impact. The formula for KE is: KE = 1/2*m*v2 where m is the mass and v is the velocity. Kinetic Energy (K.E) = ()mv 2 m= Mass in Kilograms v= Velocity in ms -1 However, unlike acceleration, momentum, and velocity, kinetic energy is a scalar quantity. Kinetic energy is energy of motion. The net work Wnet is the work done by the net force acting on an object. in the work-energy theorem is defined to be the translational kinetic energy (KE) of a mass m moving at a speed v. ( Translational kinetic energy is distinct from rotational kinetic energy, which is considered later.) How are energy and acceleration related? = Kinetic Energy m = Mass v = Velocity Let's solve an example; Find the kinetic energy when the mass This is a very important principle called the work-energy theorem. Assume that youre pushing in the same direction that the plane is going; in this case, cos 0 degrees = 1, so
\nW = Fs = mas
\nAssuming constant acceleration, you can tie this equation to the final and original velocity of the object. (b) The Chicxulub crater in Yucatan, one of the largest existing impact craters on Earth, is thought to have been created by an asteroid, traveling at. Thus an object's kinetic energy is defined mathematically by the following equation. (c) What is the persons kinetic energy relative to a frame moving with the person? Another choice is a frame that is attached to, or moves with, the system (likely an internal frame). It is defined as the amount of work that should be done to accelerate a body of a given mass from rest to a certain velocity. Sure you can calculate the kinetic energy of an accelerating object. The kinetic energy of an accelerating object is simply $E = \frac{1}{2}mv^2$ for $v$ at that instance in time. Let's compare how much kinetic energy is required at each of these speeds. You will see in the next section that work and kinetic energy have the same units, because they are different forms of the same, more general, physical property. Derivation using algebra alone (and assuming acceleration is constant). (b) What is the persons kinetic energy relative to the tracks? If we assume no friction losses, then energy is conserved. = 0.5mv Where; K.E. However, because kinetic energy is given by K = 1 2 m v 2, and velocity is a quantity that is different for every point on a rotating body about an axis, it makes sense to find a way to write kinetic energy in terms of the variable , which is the same for all points on a rigid rotating body. Work and energy. \frac {1} {2}mv^2\\ 21mv2. . }[/latex], Thermal Expansion in Two and Three Dimensions, Vapor Pressure, Partial Pressure, and Daltons Law, Heat Capacity of an Ideal Monatomic Gas at Constant Volume, Chapter 3 The First Law of Thermodynamics, Quasi-static and Non-quasi-static Processes, Chapter 4 The Second Law of Thermodynamics, Calculate the kinetic energy of a particle given its mass and its velocity or momentum, Evaluate the kinetic energy of a body, relative to different frames of reference, [latex]K=\frac{1}{2}(80\,\text{kg})(10\,{\text{m/s})}^{2}=4.0\,\text{kJ}\text{. The orbits are in the plane of the paper and are drawn to scale. For example, when an ice skater glides across the ice, kinetic friction acts to slow down the skater. William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (18241907) added the adjective "kinetic" to separate it from "potential energy", which was named by William Rankine (18201872) in 1853. Let W be the gravitational potential energy at the top of the hill. Thomas Young (17731829) derived a similar formula in 1807, although he neglected to add the to the front and he didn't use the words mass and weight with the same precision we do nowadays. = 7.089. therefore. Derivation of Kinetic Energy using Calculus. If the object starts to move at some speed, it will acquire kinetic energy. 8 Potential Energy and Conservation of Energy, [latex]K=\sum \frac{1}{2}m{v}^{2}. Kinetic energy is relative to a frame of reference, is always positive, and is sometimes given special names for different types of motion. (b) An average molecule of air, in the basketball in part (a), has a mass of 29 u, and an average speed of 500 m/s, relative to the basketball. Determine the net work done on the car. In equation form, the translational kinetic energy, Remember, momentum, the product of mass and velocity ( mv ), contains velocity as a term too. In physics, the kinetic energy of an object is the energy that it possesses due to its motion. The kinetic energy of a system, relative to an internal frame of reference, may be called internal kinetic energy. Since[latex]v=p\text{/}m[/latex], we see that. The more the object weighs, and the faster it is moving, the more kinetic energy it has. Whether it's to pass that big test, qualify for that big promotion or even master that cooking technique; people who rely on dummies, rely on it to learn the critical skills and relevant information necessary for success. Physics Stack Exchange is a question and answer site for active researchers, academics and students of physics. Introduction to work and energy. Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. But the units of force are mass times acceleration, [latex]\text{kg}\cdot {\text{m/s}}^{2}[/latex], so the units of kinetic energy are also the units of force times distance, which are the units of work, or joules. How do their kinetic energies compare? Where does the idea of selling dragon parts come from? Estimate the kinetic energy of a 90,000-ton aircraft carrier moving at a speed of at 30 knots. In this case, it would be 1/2*m*202 - 1/2*m*02. KE - kinetic energy in joules [J] m - mass in kilograms [kg] v - velocity in metres per second [m/s] Example calculation. An object suspended at height has gravitational potential energy. If kinetic energy is the energy of motion then, naturally, the kinetic energy of an object at rest should be zero. Use the equation
\n![\"image2.png\"/](\"https://www.dummies.com/wp-content/uploads/331480.image2.png\")
\nwhere vf equals final velocity and vi equals initial velocity. [/latex] Is its kinetic energy given by [latex]m({v}_{x}{}^{2}\mathbf{\hat{i}}+{v}_{y}{}^{2}\mathbf{\hat{j}}+{v}_{z}{}^{2}\mathbf{\hat{k}}\text{)/2? Kinetic Energy and Potential Energy 481,673 views Mar 8, 2017 7.3K Dislike Share Save Professor Dave Explains 2.1M subscribers You can put energy into an object. Thanks for contributing an answer to Physics Stack Exchange! (a) A car and a truck are each moving with the same kinetic energy. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. Definition of Kinetic Friction The most straightforward kinetic friction definition is: the resistance to motion caused by the contact between a surface and the object moving against it. He was a contributing editor at PC Magazine and was on the faculty at both MIT and Cornell. Motion of an object can be categorized as pure translatory motion, pure rotatory motion, mixed translatory and rotatory motion (general plane motion). You are rowing a boat parallel to the banks of a river. Derivation using calculus (but now we don't need to assume anything about the acceleration). Answer (1 of 7): Kinetic Energy & Force are essentially unrelated! 2. By entering your email address and clicking the Submit button, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy & to receive electronic communications from Dummies.com, which may include marketing promotions, news and updates. Because the total energy is conserved, the kinetic energy at the bottom of the hill plus the potential energy at the bottom of the hill must equal the initial potential energy (since the initial kinetic energy is zero): Kbottom+Ubottom=Uinitial. A 5.0-kg body has three times the kinetic energy of an 8.0-kg body. Forces change an object's motion, but without them, an object will keep doing whatever it was doing. Solving for the kinetic energy, we get Kbottom=UinitialUbottom, or Kbottom=5145 J735 J=4410 J. If this force is a net force that accelerates the object (according to Newtons second law), then the velocity changes due to the acceleration. MathJax reference. Simple Question about Acceleration and Conservation of Energy, Understanding kinetic and potential energy, Received a 'behavior reminder' from manager. Their configurations send the steel balls flying and halting, even while hanging almost upside down. Thus, if a weight of one ounce moves with the velocity of a foot in a second, we may call its energy 1; if a second body of two ounces have a velocity of three feet in a second, its energy will be twice the square of three, or 18. He has authored Dummies titles including Physics For Dummies and Physics Essentials For Dummies. Since objects (or systems) of interest vary in complexity, we first define the kinetic energy of a particle with mass m. The kinetic energy of a particle is one-half the product of the particles mass m and the square of its speed v: We then extend this definition to any system of particles by adding up the kinetic energies of all the constituent particles: Note that just as we can express Newtons second law in terms of either the rate of change of momentum or mass times the rate of change of velocity, so the kinetic energy of a particle can be expressed in terms of its mass and momentum [latex](\mathbf{\overset{\to }{p}}=m\mathbf{\overset{\to }{v}}),[/latex] instead of its mass and velocity. To calculate the kinetic energy you need to know only the body's mass and velocity. Work and energy (part 2) Conservation of energy. In a frame where [latex]{v}_{\text{P}}=0,K=0[/latex] as well. 772 kJ; b. Since the maximum kinetic energy of a vehicle should not exceed 5.8 MJ if we want our bollards to be effective, the vehicle velocity, v, required to achieve this energy is a robust 68 m/s or 153 mph. What was its mass? Regardless of the name, every kind of kinetic energy is the same physical quantity, representing energy associated with motion. Is kinetic energy in joules? Should I give a brutally honest feedback on course evaluations? When an object is set to acceleration, there is a definite need to apply certain forces. Impact and Energy Energy is defined as the ability to do work. Say, for example, that you apply a force to a model airplane in order to get it flying and that the plane is accelerating. The kinetic energy equation will be: KE = 150 x 5 2 / 2. and the result: "The kinetic energy for the above data is 1875 J . The net work on a system equals the change in the quantity 1 2mv2. Say, for example, that you apply a force to a model airplane in order to get it flying and that the plane is accelerating. The formula for calculating kinetic energy (KE) is KE = 0.5 x mv2. When you start pushing or pulling a stationary object with a constant force, it starts to move if the force you exert is greater than the net forces resisting the movement, such as friction and gravity. Determine the net work done on the object! Assume that youre pushing in the same direction that the plane is going; in this case, cos 0 degrees = 1, so
\nW = Fs = mas
\nAssuming constant acceleration, you can tie this equation to the final and original velocity of the object. By definition, it is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion. The energy of a moving object is called kinetic energy, and is equal to one half of the object's mass times the square of its velocity: KE=\frac {1] {2}mv^2 Use MathJax to format equations. The higher and bigger in mass, the greater would be their potential energy! I know that: $$ K = \dfrac{1}{2}mv^2. You also have to look up the mass of a neutron. Your kinetic energy relative to the banks is less than your kinetic energy relative to the water. 1. Kinetic energy is similar to potential energy. If the object starts to move at some speed, it will acquire kinetic energy. Here's the equation for net force: F = ma The translational kinetic energy of an object of mass m moving at speed v is KE = 1 2mv2. But if it hits the wall at 40 mph, the car will most likely be totaled. One such frame of reference is the one in which the observations of the system are made (likely an external frame). You may have noticed that your car accelerates much faster from 0 mph to 20 mph than it does from 40 mph to 60 mph. The kinetic energy of an object is the energy it possesses due to its motion. Then in part (b), convert unified units to kilograms and then use [latex]K=\frac{1}{2}m{v}^{2}[/latex] to get the average translational kinetic energy of one molecule, relative to the basketball. Since speeds are given, we can use [latex]\frac{1}{2}m{v}^{2}[/latex] to calculate the persons kinetic energy.
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